How Can The United States Lessen Its Dependence On Fossil...

How can the United States lessen its dependence on fossil fuels? Joan Milton Western Governor’s University How can the United States lessen its dependence on fossil fuels? Introduction The U.S obtains more than 84% of its energy from fossil fuels including oil, coal and natural gas. This is because people rely on it to heat their homes, power industries, run vehicles, manufacturing, and provision of electricity. It is apparent that the country’s transportation industry highly depends on conventional petroleum oil, which is responsible for global warming, thus threatening economic opulence and national security. Apart from that, increasing consumption of fossil fuels have elevated health problems in the state, destroyed wild places, and polluted the environment. After conducting Environmental Impact Assessment, projections showed that the world energy consumption would increase by more than 56% between 2010 and 2040. However, fossil fuels will cater for more than 80% of the total energy used in 2040. Sadly, it will be a trajectory to alter the world’s climate, as well as, weaken the global security environment. Importantly, the rate at which the US rel ies on fossil fuels needs to reduce since it has adverse effects on the planet’s supplies. The society needs to realize that fossil fuels are nonrenewable, thus taking millions of years to form (Huebner, 2003). Notably, the country can reduce dependency on fossil fuels by practicing energy conservation and efficiency,Show MoreRelatedCan We Americans Switch From Non Renewable Diesel Fuel1573 Words   |  7 PagesCan we Americans switch from non-renewable diesel fuel, to renewable biodiesel? I believe this switch is vital to our future. With gasoline prices volatile and the Obama administration committed to easing the United States addiction to oil, many Americans seem to be taking more interest in pursuing alternative fuels. These alternative fuels include those derived from farm crops and other renewable organic sources. Among the most widely available are biodiesel and vegetable oil, both of which canRead MoreThe Oil Spill Of 20101535 Words   |  7 Pagesto high costs of oil, many countries have taken the act of turning to renewable energy sources. Burning fossil fuels also has a downside to the environment, polluting the air and water, and damaging the health of plants and animals. The BP Oil spill of 2010 is one example of how dangerous fossil fuels are when they are exposed to the environment. There is much controversy in the United States for renewable energy sources being funded, but the facts are on the rise. Having a cleaner and more efficientRead MoreFossil Fuels : Oil, Coal And Gas1640 Words   |  7 PagesFossil Fuels: Oil, Coal and Gas Fossil fuels are essential to life on earth as we know it today. Our world would certainly be much different if it weren’t for such seemingly simple things such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These basic elements of life on earth may not seem like a major concern to some people until we put into perspective how they have shaped our world today. Civilizations have been built, economies have risen and crumbled, and even wars have been fought over these precious fossilRead MoreHow Humans Impact the Ecosystem Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesto the sustainability of the environment, our actions now can have repercussions in the future. Learning how humans leave their footprint on the environment will help us to become more conscious of our actions and how they manipulate the world around us. Humans sway the precarious balance of the environment; the ramifications of tipping the scales will be felt by generations to come. Discovering what your ecological footprint is and how you r actions effect the environment is a good place to startRead MoreReplacing Fossil Fuels With Renewable Energy1931 Words   |  8 Pages Replacing Fossil Fuels with Renewable Energy Josh Decker Edina High School  Abstract Over the past several years, scientists have researched the impact fossil fuels currently have on our world today. These sources of energy have an irreversible and devastating consequence on our environment. Fossil fuels are disliked due to being non-renewable and unsustainable. As more technological advancements have occurred, more efforts have arisen related to replacing fossil fuels with renewableRead More Americas Oil Problem Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesThe United States is in a recession and depends on foreigners to fuel our country. Oil companies are taking advantage of the power they have over gas prices and the economy is at one of the lowest points in all of our history. It can be seen that the way things are going now that change needs to occur for America to get back on its feet. Drastic changes will need to happen if we are going to continue to enjoy living in a very advanced and prominent country. By developing proper offshore drillingRead MoreThe Theory Of Going Gre en850 Words   |  4 Pagescreated or transformed from some natural resource to the final product. There are many ways in which we can reduce the negative impact in which we have on the environment, many of them are low or no cost actions that we can implement on a daily basis. The whole theory of going green is so that we can all put forth an effort to switch to clean renewable energy sources. By purchasing products that can be recycled it show that we are using our money as a voting tool by choosing to do so. Renewable EnergyRead MoreFracking : Fracking And Fracking1524 Words   |  7 Pagesdrill at a high pressure to create fissures through which the gas can escape. Currently, hydraulic fracturing is extensively used in the United States in order to access fossil fuel energy deposits which were previously inaccessible. Although fossil fuels can now be accessed easily through this process, there are many health and environmental risks associated with fracking that may make it less than ideal. For instance, fracking can contaminate drinking water, increase air pollution, and leave workersRead MoreAn Argumentative Essay Regarding the building of the Keystone pipeline2008 Words   |  9 Pagesbolsters our dependence on fossil fuels. Oil pipelines are prone to environmentally devastating spills, and have never proved to be an effective long term solution for the transport of crude oil. A pipeline the size of the Keystone XL would simply be a disaster waiting to happen. The proposed pipeline would stretch over 2,000 miles, and go directly above the Ogalalla Aquifer in the central United States. The Ogalalla aquifer is one of the largest, and most important in the entire United States, â€Å"AboutRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Ocean Temperature1052 Words   |  5 Pagesland area experienced conditions that were at least abnormally dry at any given time. Extreme climate events On average, total annual precipitation has increased over land areas in the United States and worldwide. Positives: Global warming is causing a decrease in total ice surface area, meaning that ships can pass through areas previously not possible to travel through. Such as the NorthWest Passage through Canada’s frozen north which will become available for sea transportation. Its existence

The Case Against Monarchy - 1627 Words

The Case Against Monarchy The idea that a monarchy is the ideal form of government is a fallacy. Al-Farabi and Aquinas’ ideas about government are wrong, and are filled with irreparable holes. In modern times, the idea of a monarchy has become counter-intuitive and counter-productive. A democratic republic paired with an educated and empowered middle-class is the solution to the quandary of how to create the perfect government. While the ideas of the Arabic philosophers are interesting, there ideas on the perfection of monocratic rule are outdated by both new technology and new ideas Al-Farabi says that, â€Å"what is intended by mans existence is that he attains supreme happiness (Bailey 285).† Al-Farabi’s fixation is on that of what makes†¦show more content†¦Why must it be assumed that they are morally incompetent? Al-Farabi and Aquinas would argue that there is no one to hold up the social contract. They argue that even if everyone has a proper education, corruption will inevitably occur in a government based around fairness. Yet if we look to Plato and Aristotle, we can see that there can be a class in-between rich and poor who fight both morally and moderately. If we turn society to be based on merit instead of socio-economic standing, than we can create a government which is truly free of both class warfare and corruption. We can see a platonic government ruled by representatives made up of an Aristocratic class, one which is artificially engineered to work for the people. (Wikipedia contributors Platos five regimes). We can follow a polity-system government of Aristotle. We can see our government â€Å"characterized as a kind of â€Å"mixed† constitution typified by rule of the â€Å"middle† group of citizens, a moderately wealthy class between the rich and poor (Miller).â⠂¬  Just as rulers may command, we should allow our government of the educated middle-class to represent. Yet, while Aristotle and Plato provide a blueprint for government, what is a concrete example of a working democratic republic? The answer is of course the United States. The United States combines a unique system ofShow MoreRelatedMaximilien Robespierre, Leader of the French Revolution1442 Words   |  6 PagesFor centuries upon centuries, the monarchal system had dominated European life. The very nature of this method of rule incited rebellious feelings, as a definite imbalance of power was present. Understandably, people under this system had risen against authority. The glorious nation of France was no exception. The eighteenth century brought about a great deal of economic and social turmoil. By the end of this one hundred year period, rebellion had been talked about by many citizens for quiteRead MoreComparative Essay On The American And French Revolutions1486 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Short Paper: Comparative Essay on the American and French Revolutions 1.) Why does the United States come out its revolution with a republic instead of a monarchy? Why do the French wind up with an Emperor Napoleon but the United States does not have a King George of the House of Washington? There are moments in our history where the citizens of the world stand up and for their beliefs, their honor, and themselves. They come together to reform the existing government that is holding themRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1710 Words   |  7 Pagesrise of Vladimir Lenin was against the ruling family that ruled Russia for more than 300 years. It was also against the rule of Russian tsars since Ivan IV, commonly known as â€Å" the Terrible†, in 1547. As the Bolsheviks, later known as the Communists, gained power, the Russian monarch Nicholas II lost power and control of the Russian Empire’s lands the Russians conquered from other nations over several decades. Many Russian citizens, including the army, were revolting against their own leader. In theRead MoreThomas Paines Common Sense Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pagesimplementing those ideas into a government that may be just and fair. Paine reflects on the English constitution specifically the crown. Pai ne also provide an insight to having a higher power to run a government. Paine also criticizes the idea of monarchy and hereditary succession. Complications would ultimately arise through his ideas and theories due to the differences in religions. Thomas Paine expresses his feelings toward the English constitution and its flaws specifically the crown. AccordingRead MoreThe Modern Monarchy of Britain Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesFamily. This hallowed line of descendants makes up the British Monarchy, serving above the people of the Commonwealth under the control of Britain. With such fanfare and dignity come an equally great responsibility. While the structure and ceremonial hype surrounding the British Monarchy has remained nearly unchanged since its creation, the role and powers of Britains current Monarchy is significantly different. The British Monarchy is composed of a King or Queen and their family, whose heirs inheritRead MoreThomas Hobbes Ideas on Monarchy Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment on Hobbes Ideas on Monarchy Thomas Hobbes was a proponent of the monarchal system and in this paper I will prove that Hobbes was right in supporting the monarchal system of government, I will also show the opposing school of thought, and finally, I will give you my opinion on the monarchal system. Thomas Hobbes lived from 1588-1679 and throughout most of his life there was violence going on all around him. The biggest case was the English Civil War. This war lasted about seven yearsRead MoreSpanish Nationalism1115 Words   |  5 PagestheReconquista - beginning with the victory of Catholic forces against Muslim Moor forces in Granada in 1492 that resulted in a surge patriotic sentiment amongst Catholic Spaniards.[3] The development of Spanish nationalism has been tied to the state-building process of the Castillian-ruled Spanish monarchy. Just as in all other Western European nation-states (Portugal, France and England), the shaping of an authoritarian monarchy as of the late Middle Ages gave rise to the parallel secular developmentRead MoreA Unified Thai Kingdom1639 Words   |  7 Pagesit wasn’t until 1932 that the government switched from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. An absolute monarchy means that the ultimate authority figure was chosen by some higher power and they didn’t have to follow any rules or abide by the laws of a constitution. An example of this type of ruler would be a King or Queen that was given their authority power by God. But in 1932, they became a constitutional monarchy which means that although their government is â€Å"run† by one person,Read MoreAp European History Reading Questions-Chapter 15 Essay examples1631 Words   |  7 Pagesfootsteps of Cardinal Richelieu in that aspect. His foreign policies were mainly against the Habsburg dynastys power and the ownership of French-speaking territories by nations other than France. Hence, his foreign policies included many wars. He took over the Spanish Netherlands and some of the United Provinces of Holland, and Franche-Comtà ©. However, his aggressive advances caused alliances to be formed against him which included the Habsburg domains of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, EnglandRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1510 Words   |  7 Pagesto numerous inner and outer conflicts of each character. However, as it is brought into being a character, Edgar in the end of the story, it implies new beginning of the kingdom. In addition, as comparing king Lear with Edgar, two social systems, monarchy and democracy can be evaluated. Democracy pursues freedom with less government intervention. This promotes each individual to take his/her own responsibility and protects the interest of citizenship. It also has stability in administration as

Managing Work Life Balance Free Essays

The current economic situation has been blamed for causing income loss, extended working hours and intense stress in workplaces all over the world. Due to this today people are being challenged to strike a balance between work life and family life. People are overwhelmed by the demanding careers, demanding families, a slow economy and so on. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Work Life Balance or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has left people with little time for what they need and want to do. Motivation refers to the desire, effort and passion to achieve something (Paul, Hoang, 2007). In business terms it is often referred to as the willingness to complete a task or job with enthusiasm.There are different motivators for every person. Some people are motivated by fears. Others are motivated by rewards. Many businesses recognize the fact that employees are their most important and valuable asset. And so it is essential that these businesses can get the most of them i. e. higher productivity so that their average cost of production is lowered and profits increased. However managers often are not able to get the best out of their employees which eventually leads to employees leaving the organization. We are all familiar with stress.Stress is commonly associated with how well or badly people cope with changes in their lives – at home, within the family, at work or in social situations (Stranks, Jeremy W. , 2005). So stress can be looked upon as an emotional and physical strain that is caused to people when they experience pressure from the outside world. Stress eventually leads to tension, irritation, lack of concentration and some physical problems such as headache, fast heart beats and high/low blood pressure. Stress in work place if not managed properly will surely cause harm both to employer and employee.Job stress has become a common and costly problem in most workplaces. Stress can be classified as positive and negative. Stress when handled well can prove to be positive but the pre-requisite of this is a mature manager who essentially gives positive stress in the form of targets to be achieved by the employees. This leads to extrinsic motivation as the managers makes the employees in the organization participate in an activity because of the benefits and rewards associated with the activity. When people participate in these activities and achieve targets then they are motivated.People working for the organization are motivated as achievable and practical targets give them a sense of achievement and the rewards associated with them satiates their esteem needs. In absence of targets/guidelines often people lack goals that guide them which lead to de-motivation. According to the American psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) people have a need for self-actualization (Paul, Hoang, 2007). Managers can encourage this by providing opportunities for personal development and promotion by setting targets. People also have esteem/ego needs according to Maslow (Paul, Hoang, 2007).This refers to the desire for recognition and being able to have self-respect. A manager is instrumental in providing both recognition and self-respect if employees in the organization are allowed to participate in decision making and are offered promotion if they achieve targets. These inconsiderate managers ignore the indications of stress amongst people working in the organization at all levels. These managers do not realise that such ignorance will prove to be costly for the organization as it would lead to low motivation, high absenteeism, fall in productivity, incorrect decision-making, poor industrial relations and lowered efficiency.There are also other ways of motivating people at work by reducing stress. Managers need to involve more people in the decision making process (it is not possible to involve all of them). The more managers involve them the more attached they become to their work which makes them more involved and they like their work. When people like what they are doing then they do not face stress. Rewarding employees also helps in reducing their stress. When they work hard and their work is recognized through bonuses or salary increases, they feel better. In today’s times people apart from money also look for time offs so that they can spend their time with their family. Awarding them with holidays as rewards provided work does not suffer is also a good way of reducing stress and motivating people. Another really effective way for rewarding and motivating people at work is to recognize them for any great achievements. A pat on the back goes a long way. An immature manager/boss provides negative stress or distress which arises out of unreasonable targets and deadlines which affects the health of the employees adversely.According to Rensis Likert, (1967), these leaders are exploitative autocratic who do not trust their employees and so order them to perform by putting pressure of performance by using threat and punishments (Paul, Hoang, 2007). Negative stress comes with a cost. It is estimated billions of pounds every year in lost production in UK due to stress at work (ANI, 2008). Managers who distress their employee fail to realize that with long working hours and unrealistic goals employees in the organization are not only losing on their standard of living but also their quality of life.Another important way in which a manager can help employees cope with stress is through work-life balance. A 2001 study of women working in telecommunications companies found that investment in work-life balance was closely correlated with higher retention and workforce diversity (Clutterbuck, David, 2003). Other surveys and case studies have linked a positive approach to work-life balance to productivity, creativity, positive attitudes towards work, and employee commitment (willingness to ‘go the extra mile’ on behalf of the customer or the company).Commitment has in turn been linked to financial performance, one international study finding that companies with committed employees provide an average return to shareholders of 112 per cent over three years, compared to 90 per cent for companies with average commitment (Clutterbuck, David, 2003). Work and life balance can be defined as the ability to make choices that fulfills one’s purpose over the course of time (Ronald, Claiborne, 2009). Work-life balance does not involve counting the amount of time an employee spends on working vs. /he spends not-working. It involves understanding how the time was spend in working and relaxing. Work life balance can help in managing stress in people’s lives as it will help them in managing their time and setting their priorities right. It is often observed that people are more successful if they are given flexibility so that they can meet the demand of their workplace and can also achieve their personal goals which are outside the workplace.Employers can create a flexible working environment where people can work effectively so that they can respond to the needs of the business without sacrificing their personal priorities in life. In order to strike a work life balance there are some things that can prove to be effective like offering employees longer family leaves, flexible use of holidays, better sick leave, sabbaticals, flexi-time, teleworking/home working and shorter wo rking. In order to strike work-life balance managers may have to give up the 9-5 job culture.This rigid system can be replaced by flexi-time. This system requires employees to work a core period of the day when they are expected to be at work but the rest of the time is flexi-time (Paul, Hoang, 2007). This means that the staff decides where they work, subject to them getting their work completed by set deadlines. For example an employee who is supposed to work for 40 hours in a week might work for 10 hours from Monday to Thursday and take Friday as off or may work 25 hours in the workplace per week and the remaining from any other location home or elsewhere.Flexi-time is beneficial to employees as it gives them a greater degree of freedom to balance their work and personal life, which helps in reducing stress. On the other hand organizations that use flexi-time can have an improved image as it is seen to be providing equal opportunities to staff that are unable to work standard hours due t o their other important mostly personal commitments. A better image will help in attracting better talent to the company. It also helps in improving motivation and hence productivity and output of the business.Businesses that use flextime can also save on paying overtime of their employees. Another suggestion would be teleworking which involves working away from the workplace by using electronic forms of communication such as telephone, fax and email. Another form of teleworking is which refers to people actually working from their own home. (Paul, Hoang, 2007). After from offering flexible working hours teleworking/home working helps in minimizing transportation costs, time and stress to the employees of traveling to work. This will help in reduced office overheads as less prime office space is required. Also hiring talented people from around the word as geographical boundaries no longer remain a problem. However this system relies heavily on ICT communication and equipment. It was makes management and control of staff difficult. Technological breakdown can cause major disruption to the business. Work life balance can also be enriched through portfolio working. Portfolio working is a vision of the way people will work in the future. In her book â€Å"Portfolio Working†, Joanna Grigg defines it as working for â€Å"a group or cluster of different employers, or a job and a business, or whatever combination comes together best for us† (The Economist, 2009). Charles Handy, who was largely responsible for popularizing the idea, wrote in his book â€Å"The Empty Raincoat†: â€Å"Going portfolio means exchanging full-time employment for independence. The portfolio is a collection of different bits and pieces of work for different clients†. Portfolio working has evolved as job uncertainties are part and parcel in many economies today.Since job security is not guaranteed in today’s times and as more organizations went for downsizing and de-layering by shedding of many skilled employees and these people had little option and so more and more professional are today opting for portfolio working. The privatization of state enterprises also had a similar impact. Portfolio workers need to be far widely skilled as compared to a full timer. Their competencies should range from computer skills, marketing, accounting and filling in tax returns for a sectaries job for example.A crucial part of motivation is recognition of work which is well done. For a portfolio worker this will not come by i. e. their work will neither be praised nor rewarded. Portfolio working offers people freedom to plan their days and balance their work and personal life and a far more varied workload. Nevertheless, portfolio working has not taken off to the extent as the security of comfort and allure of full-time employment remain compelling. Employees in an organization do require some positive stress to perform. However work overload leads to negative stress. So it is the responsibility f the manager to draw a line between positive and negative stress. If signs of stress are ignored then they can prove to be costly for the organization. It also depends on people on how well they can manage stress. When they are unsuccessful in managing stress it leads to serious ill health and stress related diseases. However if they actually successfully manage stress then it can bring growth, happiness and prosperity of the employees. So it is important that people are made aware of stress and taught to cope with it. This may be done through off the job expert training programs.Apart of this it is important for the managers not to ignore any stress related signals that their employees give. If s/he finds that an employee is under stress, s/he should not ignore it. S/he should take steps to help them. If s/he finds it difficult to provide a solution for it, s/he should get professional help. Even if the employee is suffering from non work related stress, the manager is required to look into the issue/s, if neglected it may later lead to work related stress. Bibliography ANI. â€Å"Work Stress Costs Firms Billions, Says Study. † Thaindian News. 6 Oct. 2008. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. Clutterbuck, David. Managing Work-life Balance: a Guide for HR in Achieving Organisational and Individual Change. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2003. Print. â€Å"Idea: Portfolio Working. † The Economist. 2 Nov. 2009. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. . Paul, Hoang. Business and Management. 1st ed. [S. l. ]: Ibid, 2007. Print. Ronald, Claiborne. â€Å"A Definition of Work-life Balance – by Ronald Claiborne – Helium. † Helium – Where Knowledge Rules. 31 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. . Stranks, Jeremy W. Stress at Work: Management and Prevention. Amsterdam [u. a. : Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005. Print. How to cite Managing Work Life Balance, Essays

Server Based Vibration Sensor Using Microcontroller

Question: Discuss about the Sever based Vibration Sensor using Microcontroller. Answer: Material and Methods Vibration Sensor The purpose and objective of the vibration sensor is to test the impact force. It has the property of high sensitivity for the vibration detection and has the suppression of the sound signal (Sujith, et al., 2012). Considerations Piezoelectric sensor has majorly two parameters that are primary and they are sensitivity and frequency range. Generally, high sensitivity sensors consists low frequency ranges, conversely high frequency sensors are having low frequency. The inertia of mass shows this relationship. Generally, if mass increases sensitivity also increases. Accordingly, as the sensor quickly approaches its resonance frequency, usable frequency reduces. So it needs compromise in between the frequency response and sensitivity. Environmental Requirements Range of Temperature Temperature transients such as steam, hot air, result in expansion of metal case that affects erroneous output in low frequency measurements up to less than 5Hz. To such cases to limit temperature transients, protective sensor housing needs consideration. Such errors are possible to overcome by using monitors along with the band pass filters as well as the techniques. Humidity To prevent the humidity and moisture the sealing of the sensors is needed. Jackets are available for overcoming the integral cables, high humidity, splash proof cable connectors. Amplitude If sensors amplitude range exceeds, there is a distortion to the entire operating frequency range. It means mechanical shock loading can overload the sensors response capacity. Hazardous Environments Vibration sensors must be certified by agency to avoid hazardous concentrations of gas, vapour and combustible dust (Robert Andrew, 2009).Fuel-to-air mixture can even be hazardous in that environment, if it has better volatile concentration, also vibration sensors that are certified, may cause ignition. This reduces risks in the specified environment, and avoids explosions. These days industrial sensors are certified by and agencies or manufacturers, like, Canadian Standards Association, Factory Mutual (FM), and CENELEC. Requirements of Electrical Powering A constant DC power is needed for the amplified vibration sensors. Normally, the power supply may be in the range of 18 to 30 volts with 2 to 10 mA current. Amplitude Range Supply Voltage The manufacture of sensors keeps bias voltage in between lower and upper cut off voltages. The main difference between the bias and cut off voltage performs the voltage swing available at the output (Robert Andrew, 2009). Vibration Sensor The use of the vibration sensor SW 420 is in the project for the purpose of detecting the vibration that goes beyond the threshold. For the purpose of experiment, the threshold will be adjusted with the help of potentiometer present on-board. It consists of an LED. The output of the LED and so the module will be low or zero, when there is no vibration and when there is vibration, the LED glows and the output indicated will be high. Specifications The vibration sensor has the following specifications. Digital output Switch to have close as the default state Supply voltage required, 3.3 to 5V LED to show the output or results Application The applications of the SW-420 vibration sensor would be as burglary protection system, in addition to the vibration detection. Other important applications are as security and alarm systems. As an alarm system, it has the applications for safety boxes, motor vehicles, doors and windows of treasury, etc. Web server A web server is defined as a system that processes various requests, which are sent through HTTP and also network protocol that information passes through World Wide Web. The main aim of the web server is to process web pages, store to clients. Web server function is to communicate between client and server through Hypertext Transfer protocol. The pages that transfer through HTTP are HTML documents which are images, scripts and style sheets (Rani Based, 2012). A user agent is a web browser which requests are send through HTTP to the web server and server responds the resource with the content and if sending requests fails displays error message. The main function of server is to send and receive the content of clients and submitting the information through uploading of files and web forms (Sujith et al., 2014). Generally the web servers use server side scripts using PHP, Active Server Pages and some other scripting languages. It means content or information is scripted in separate files but the software or actual server script remains unchanged. It indicates the generation of dynamic HTML documents dynamically and returns static documents. Previously, the information is retrieved from databases only. After, the documents and information is cached fast, but cannot deliver dynamic content. Not only World Wide Web, web servers serve embedded devices such as routers, webcams, printers and local networks. And no other software needs to be installed on client computers, the web browser or software included with the operating systems. Microcontroller A microcontroller (MCU) shortly microcontroller unit is one integrated circuit consists of memory, processor core, and input/output peripherals that are programmable. Each program memory includes chip contains in the form of Ferroelectric NOR flash, RAM, or OTP ROM and RAM of small amount. The microcontroller is used for general purpose applications mainly used and designed for embedded applications in the form of discrete chips (Peng et al., 2011). Microcontrollers are used in embedded systems in remote controls, office machines, power tools, toys. Mainly used in automatically controlled products and devices. Microcontrollers are used in reducing cost and size and make cost effective economical digitally control uses individual input/output devices and microprocessor memory. Mixed signal microcontrollers are used in non-digital electronic systems also. Some of the microcontrollers work at low frequency as 4 kHz can use for low power consumption and can use for four-bit words. Microcontrollers use functionality such as button press, power consumption while sleeping or other interrupt just at Nano watts. And also use for applications of the long lasting battery, some other microcontrollers has the roles that are performance-critical such as power consumption, higher clock speeds and digital signal processor (DSP). There are various microcontrollers, such as Arduino, Parallax Basic Stamp, Phidgets, Netmedias BX and many others. However, the reason for choosing the Arduino, is because it is not messy as the others, for programming of microcontrollers and the operations. Arduino, is easy to access for the beginners and yet is made to be very flexible for the advanced users. Arduino can simplify the working process with microcontrollers, with no deviation of advantages of others (Moubarak et al., 2011). Arduino Arduino is an electronics platform, which is available as open-source. The application is made for both the hardware and software for easy to use. The project will use Arduino and the Arduino boards will be used to read the inputs, which are given from the output of the vibration sensor or detector. So, it takes the input from the vibration sensor and produces the output accordingly. The output in this project is shown through the web server. The instructions will be given to the board, to perform set of instructions. The microcontroller present on the board takes the inputs, process the inputs and then produces the outputs, based on the programming requirements. It needs Arduino programming language, which can also be done on wiring as well as the IDE of the Arduino software. Initially, Aruino was developed by Ivea Interaction Design Institute, as a simple tool. The purpose of this tool was for fast prototyping, enabled to be operated by even, non-electronic and non-programming professionals. Very soon, it became an open source, from the wider community developed. It started embracing new challenges, needs and started differentiating the offers from simple boards towards wearables, IoT applications, embedded environments, 3D printing, etc. The reason for selecting the Arduino is because of the simplicity and better accessibility of it and it can be applied to wider range of projects, including the web-server based vibration detector using microcontroller. The application can be run over Windows, Linux and Mac as well. Advantages Inexpensive Clear and simple programming environment Cross-platform Open source as well as extensible hardware Open source as well as extensible software It has all its components that are easier to understand, use and control as per the requirements, The Arduino product that will be used in this project is, ESP 8266. So, it is going to function as the brain of the project. Since it is available as an open source platform, it will be accessed and used easily and its accessible knowledge help exploring the ways of using it. Vibration of Building Pillers and Measurment The measurement of the building is done in peak velocity or rms velocity. Vibration usually enters the body, in different axes, x, y and z-axis. The vibration in z-axis is more sensitive compared to the x and y-axis vibration. Measurement is done for the human exposure to various vibrations in three different axes and all these results are compared and combined to the criteria. It needs appropriate transfer function for converting the levels at the point of measurement to the ones that are likely to occur at the point of the assessment internal to the building. Methods to Detect the Vibration Web Server Piezoelectric Sensor These are the typical sensors that are used for detection of the vibration. The piezoelectric sensor generates electricity automatically, by itself. When the same material has sensed the vibration, by the effect of the materials of the piezoelectric, electric charge will be generated. Then the voltage is amplified by the charge amplifier or voltage amplifier. Then the impedance conversion is done, where this charge of electricity becomes the power output. The power output generated will be directly proportional to the force generated or suffered by the sensor, outside. Eventually, the goal of vibration parameters measurement, in the form of non-electricity signal could be realized. The major purpose and objective of the piezoelectric sensor is to measure the acceleration and dynamic force (Lamb, 2013) Advantages The piezoelectric sensor has no moving parts and so is enough stable, against vibration of the sensor itself It has good frequency band width to measure wider range of the vibration The sensor has high sensitivity, so that the vibration is measured completely The sensor has very simple structure to understand and use it for the measurement of vibration It is very light in weight The senor, on an overall, is a reliable sensor to detect the vibration Disadvantages Resonant frequency High input impedance Amplification is needed because of the weak output signal Vulnerable to the external environments, in terms of interference Though there are certain disadvantages, they can be overcome by employing certain methods, such as adding cable of low noise, secondary instrument, small capacitance and high insulation resistance, so that the piezoelectric sensors can be used widely (Ludlow Chris, 2008). The vibration of the metallic objects is measured by the inductive sensor, without touching them. So, it is also called as an electronic proximity sensor. The principle of the inductive sensors is over the electromagnetic induction (Sujith et al., 2014). It makes use of the self-inductance coil or mutual inductance coil for achieving the goal of detection of the electrical signal, which is realized after it gets converted from the input vibration. The following figures shows, the principle structure of the inductive sensor. Figure: Inductive Sensor Principle Structure Here, 1 indicates a fixed iron and 2 indicates the armature that is movable. Over the fixed iron, the number of circles of wire circled would be N. Based on the magnetic circuit function, the induction produced, while the fixed iron is worked during non-saturation, is, L = N2 0 A0 / 2l0 Here, 0 = magnetic permeability A0 = equivalent cross-sectional area l = gap length When the objects vibration result to the thickness or real or the magnet length, in between the armature and iron, there will be change of the inductance, inductance change is measured, to measure the objects vibration. Advantages High accuracy of measurement Greater or increased output power Zero stability problems Simple structure Overall reliability Can detect vibration of any ferrous metal Disadvantages Linearity restricted with the other parameters Range and sensitivity are restricted from each other Unsuitable for high frequency dynamic signal measurement Procedure of Vibration Detection through Web Server The project requires the following material and devices for implementation. Arduino Vibration sensor Ethernet shield Internet connection and router optionally Resistors Step 1 Take the Arduino microcontroller board and set the circuitry, along with the vibration sensor, resistors, according to the circuit Step 2 Ethernet shield has to be set up. This Ethernet shield is provided by the Arduino board. It is needed for the establishment of communication among the network and internet. Step 3 Employ the web server. The webserver can be employed simply, as a web server app, which can act as a storage of the data related to the object and the vibration. The data from the web server is taken as the input to measure the vibration. Any vibration sensor can be used to provide the output through the microcontroller, based on the program. The web server App can also be obtained by the Arduino, like by merging the library and DHTxx code from Lady Ada, for example. Step 4 Build access from the remote area. The network has to be built by enabling the internet connection. The internet connection can be made through the Ethernet. In addition to that Wi-Fi connection can be made through the router, so that the vibration sensor information can be passed and stored in the webserver from the multiple locations and sites, where the objects are present. Conclusion Vibration is one of the parameters of an object, which is created or generated by the impact force. The vibration of the object can be measured through various methods and sensors. The vibration sensors can be measured through webserver as one method and alternately, there are multiple solutions and some of the solutions are addressed in this report. Reference Al-Ahmar, E. et al, 2008, Wind Energy Conversion Systems Fault Diagnosis Using Wavelet Analysis, International Review of Electrical Engineering. Alkar, Z. A., Atif, M, 2009, An Internet-Based Interactive Embedded Data-Acquisition System for RealTime Applications, VOL.58, NO.3. Daniele, M, Gabriele, M., Giacomo, B. Gualtiero, F. 2015.Changing the programming paradigm for the embedded in the IoT domain. Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on. Milan: IEEE Harris, D. Harris, S. 2012.Digital Design and Computer Architecture, Second Edition, p. 515. Lakes, Roderic, 2013,Electrical Properties of Bone - a review. University of Wisconsin Lamb, F. 2013.Industrial Automation: Hands-On. McGraw-Hill Education. pp.7475. Ludlow, Chris, 2008,Energy Harvesting with Piezoelectric Sensors. Mide Technology Manivannan M. Kumaresan N. 2011, Design of On-line Interactive Data Acquisition and Control System for Embedded Real Time Applications, IEEE. Moubarak, P. et al., 2011, A Self-Calibrating Mathematical Model for the Direct Piezoelectric Effect of a New MEMS Tilt Sensor, IEEE Sensors Journal, 12. Patil, D. D Slokhe, B. T, 2015, Design of remote data acquisition system based on 3G, International Journal of Engineering Research Online, Department of Electronics, TKIET, India. Paul, W. R. 2012, An electronic nose to differentiate aromatic flowers using a real-time information-rich piezoelectric resonance measurement.Procedia Chemistry Peng, Z., Hu, C., Liao, J., Chang, T, 2011, Design of embedded remote monitoring terminal based on 3G network", IEEE/ICME International Conference on May 2011. Rani, R, C, Kumar, P, A., 2012, Location Based Services In Android", International Journal of Advances in Engineering Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 209-220. Robert, B. O., Andrew, M. A.2009, Piezoelectricity. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Singhal1, M, Shukla, A, 2012, Implementation of Location based Services in Android using GPS and Web Services IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 1, No 2. Sujith, G., Vinod, P. V., Vinaya, M. S. Babu, S. S, 2014, Real-time vibration monitoring in Android smart phone using location based service, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, India. Suyog A. W . Chaudhari, R.P. 2012, Ethernet Enabled Digital i/o Control in Embedded Systems, IEEE Wang, P, 2011, Design of Temperature and Humidity Intelligent Control System Based on C8051F 2011 International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics IEEE Wang, Y., Chen, R., Yu, R, 2011, Remote data acquisition based on the EDGE, International Conference on, June 2011.