How Can The United States Lessen Its Dependence On Fossil...

How can the United States lessen its dependence on fossil fuels? Joan Milton Western Governor’s University How can the United States lessen its dependence on fossil fuels? Introduction The U.S obtains more than 84% of its energy from fossil fuels including oil, coal and natural gas. This is because people rely on it to heat their homes, power industries, run vehicles, manufacturing, and provision of electricity. It is apparent that the country’s transportation industry highly depends on conventional petroleum oil, which is responsible for global warming, thus threatening economic opulence and national security. Apart from that, increasing consumption of fossil fuels have elevated health problems in the state, destroyed wild places, and polluted the environment. After conducting Environmental Impact Assessment, projections showed that the world energy consumption would increase by more than 56% between 2010 and 2040. However, fossil fuels will cater for more than 80% of the total energy used in 2040. Sadly, it will be a trajectory to alter the world’s climate, as well as, weaken the global security environment. Importantly, the rate at which the US rel ies on fossil fuels needs to reduce since it has adverse effects on the planet’s supplies. The society needs to realize that fossil fuels are nonrenewable, thus taking millions of years to form (Huebner, 2003). Notably, the country can reduce dependency on fossil fuels by practicing energy conservation and efficiency,Show MoreRelatedCan We Americans Switch From Non Renewable Diesel Fuel1573 Words   |  7 PagesCan we Americans switch from non-renewable diesel fuel, to renewable biodiesel? I believe this switch is vital to our future. With gasoline prices volatile and the Obama administration committed to easing the United States addiction to oil, many Americans seem to be taking more interest in pursuing alternative fuels. These alternative fuels include those derived from farm crops and other renewable organic sources. Among the most widely available are biodiesel and vegetable oil, both of which canRead MoreThe Oil Spill Of 20101535 Words   |  7 Pagesto high costs of oil, many countries have taken the act of turning to renewable energy sources. Burning fossil fuels also has a downside to the environment, polluting the air and water, and damaging the health of plants and animals. The BP Oil spill of 2010 is one example of how dangerous fossil fuels are when they are exposed to the environment. There is much controversy in the United States for renewable energy sources being funded, but the facts are on the rise. Having a cleaner and more efficientRead MoreFossil Fuels : Oil, Coal And Gas1640 Words   |  7 PagesFossil Fuels: Oil, Coal and Gas Fossil fuels are essential to life on earth as we know it today. Our world would certainly be much different if it weren’t for such seemingly simple things such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These basic elements of life on earth may not seem like a major concern to some people until we put into perspective how they have shaped our world today. Civilizations have been built, economies have risen and crumbled, and even wars have been fought over these precious fossilRead MoreHow Humans Impact the Ecosystem Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesto the sustainability of the environment, our actions now can have repercussions in the future. Learning how humans leave their footprint on the environment will help us to become more conscious of our actions and how they manipulate the world around us. Humans sway the precarious balance of the environment; the ramifications of tipping the scales will be felt by generations to come. Discovering what your ecological footprint is and how you r actions effect the environment is a good place to startRead MoreReplacing Fossil Fuels With Renewable Energy1931 Words   |  8 Pages Replacing Fossil Fuels with Renewable Energy Josh Decker Edina High School  Abstract Over the past several years, scientists have researched the impact fossil fuels currently have on our world today. These sources of energy have an irreversible and devastating consequence on our environment. Fossil fuels are disliked due to being non-renewable and unsustainable. As more technological advancements have occurred, more efforts have arisen related to replacing fossil fuels with renewableRead More Americas Oil Problem Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesThe United States is in a recession and depends on foreigners to fuel our country. Oil companies are taking advantage of the power they have over gas prices and the economy is at one of the lowest points in all of our history. It can be seen that the way things are going now that change needs to occur for America to get back on its feet. Drastic changes will need to happen if we are going to continue to enjoy living in a very advanced and prominent country. By developing proper offshore drillingRead MoreThe Theory Of Going Gre en850 Words   |  4 Pagescreated or transformed from some natural resource to the final product. There are many ways in which we can reduce the negative impact in which we have on the environment, many of them are low or no cost actions that we can implement on a daily basis. The whole theory of going green is so that we can all put forth an effort to switch to clean renewable energy sources. By purchasing products that can be recycled it show that we are using our money as a voting tool by choosing to do so. Renewable EnergyRead MoreFracking : Fracking And Fracking1524 Words   |  7 Pagesdrill at a high pressure to create fissures through which the gas can escape. Currently, hydraulic fracturing is extensively used in the United States in order to access fossil fuel energy deposits which were previously inaccessible. Although fossil fuels can now be accessed easily through this process, there are many health and environmental risks associated with fracking that may make it less than ideal. For instance, fracking can contaminate drinking water, increase air pollution, and leave workersRead MoreAn Argumentative Essay Regarding the building of the Keystone pipeline2008 Words   |  9 Pagesbolsters our dependence on fossil fuels. Oil pipelines are prone to environmentally devastating spills, and have never proved to be an effective long term solution for the transport of crude oil. A pipeline the size of the Keystone XL would simply be a disaster waiting to happen. The proposed pipeline would stretch over 2,000 miles, and go directly above the Ogalalla Aquifer in the central United States. The Ogalalla aquifer is one of the largest, and most important in the entire United States, â€Å"AboutRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Ocean Temperature1052 Words   |  5 Pagesland area experienced conditions that were at least abnormally dry at any given time. Extreme climate events On average, total annual precipitation has increased over land areas in the United States and worldwide. Positives: Global warming is causing a decrease in total ice surface area, meaning that ships can pass through areas previously not possible to travel through. Such as the NorthWest Passage through Canada’s frozen north which will become available for sea transportation. Its existence

The Case Against Monarchy - 1627 Words

The Case Against Monarchy The idea that a monarchy is the ideal form of government is a fallacy. Al-Farabi and Aquinas’ ideas about government are wrong, and are filled with irreparable holes. In modern times, the idea of a monarchy has become counter-intuitive and counter-productive. A democratic republic paired with an educated and empowered middle-class is the solution to the quandary of how to create the perfect government. While the ideas of the Arabic philosophers are interesting, there ideas on the perfection of monocratic rule are outdated by both new technology and new ideas Al-Farabi says that, â€Å"what is intended by mans existence is that he attains supreme happiness (Bailey 285).† Al-Farabi’s fixation is on that of what makes†¦show more content†¦Why must it be assumed that they are morally incompetent? Al-Farabi and Aquinas would argue that there is no one to hold up the social contract. They argue that even if everyone has a proper education, corruption will inevitably occur in a government based around fairness. Yet if we look to Plato and Aristotle, we can see that there can be a class in-between rich and poor who fight both morally and moderately. If we turn society to be based on merit instead of socio-economic standing, than we can create a government which is truly free of both class warfare and corruption. We can see a platonic government ruled by representatives made up of an Aristocratic class, one which is artificially engineered to work for the people. (Wikipedia contributors Platos five regimes). We can follow a polity-system government of Aristotle. We can see our government â€Å"characterized as a kind of â€Å"mixed† constitution typified by rule of the â€Å"middle† group of citizens, a moderately wealthy class between the rich and poor (Miller).â⠂¬  Just as rulers may command, we should allow our government of the educated middle-class to represent. Yet, while Aristotle and Plato provide a blueprint for government, what is a concrete example of a working democratic republic? The answer is of course the United States. The United States combines a unique system ofShow MoreRelatedMaximilien Robespierre, Leader of the French Revolution1442 Words   |  6 PagesFor centuries upon centuries, the monarchal system had dominated European life. The very nature of this method of rule incited rebellious feelings, as a definite imbalance of power was present. Understandably, people under this system had risen against authority. The glorious nation of France was no exception. The eighteenth century brought about a great deal of economic and social turmoil. By the end of this one hundred year period, rebellion had been talked about by many citizens for quiteRead MoreComparative Essay On The American And French Revolutions1486 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Short Paper: Comparative Essay on the American and French Revolutions 1.) Why does the United States come out its revolution with a republic instead of a monarchy? Why do the French wind up with an Emperor Napoleon but the United States does not have a King George of the House of Washington? There are moments in our history where the citizens of the world stand up and for their beliefs, their honor, and themselves. They come together to reform the existing government that is holding themRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1710 Words   |  7 Pagesrise of Vladimir Lenin was against the ruling family that ruled Russia for more than 300 years. It was also against the rule of Russian tsars since Ivan IV, commonly known as â€Å" the Terrible†, in 1547. As the Bolsheviks, later known as the Communists, gained power, the Russian monarch Nicholas II lost power and control of the Russian Empire’s lands the Russians conquered from other nations over several decades. Many Russian citizens, including the army, were revolting against their own leader. In theRead MoreThomas Paines Common Sense Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pagesimplementing those ideas into a government that may be just and fair. Paine reflects on the English constitution specifically the crown. Pai ne also provide an insight to having a higher power to run a government. Paine also criticizes the idea of monarchy and hereditary succession. Complications would ultimately arise through his ideas and theories due to the differences in religions. Thomas Paine expresses his feelings toward the English constitution and its flaws specifically the crown. AccordingRead MoreThe Modern Monarchy of Britain Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesFamily. This hallowed line of descendants makes up the British Monarchy, serving above the people of the Commonwealth under the control of Britain. With such fanfare and dignity come an equally great responsibility. While the structure and ceremonial hype surrounding the British Monarchy has remained nearly unchanged since its creation, the role and powers of Britains current Monarchy is significantly different. The British Monarchy is composed of a King or Queen and their family, whose heirs inheritRead MoreThomas Hobbes Ideas on Monarchy Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment on Hobbes Ideas on Monarchy Thomas Hobbes was a proponent of the monarchal system and in this paper I will prove that Hobbes was right in supporting the monarchal system of government, I will also show the opposing school of thought, and finally, I will give you my opinion on the monarchal system. Thomas Hobbes lived from 1588-1679 and throughout most of his life there was violence going on all around him. The biggest case was the English Civil War. This war lasted about seven yearsRead MoreSpanish Nationalism1115 Words   |  5 PagestheReconquista - beginning with the victory of Catholic forces against Muslim Moor forces in Granada in 1492 that resulted in a surge patriotic sentiment amongst Catholic Spaniards.[3] The development of Spanish nationalism has been tied to the state-building process of the Castillian-ruled Spanish monarchy. Just as in all other Western European nation-states (Portugal, France and England), the shaping of an authoritarian monarchy as of the late Middle Ages gave rise to the parallel secular developmentRead MoreA Unified Thai Kingdom1639 Words   |  7 Pagesit wasn’t until 1932 that the government switched from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. An absolute monarchy means that the ultimate authority figure was chosen by some higher power and they didn’t have to follow any rules or abide by the laws of a constitution. An example of this type of ruler would be a King or Queen that was given their authority power by God. But in 1932, they became a constitutional monarchy which means that although their government is â€Å"run† by one person,Read MoreAp European History Reading Questions-Chapter 15 Essay examples1631 Words   |  7 Pagesfootsteps of Cardinal Richelieu in that aspect. His foreign policies were mainly against the Habsburg dynastys power and the ownership of French-speaking territories by nations other than France. Hence, his foreign policies included many wars. He took over the Spanish Netherlands and some of the United Provinces of Holland, and Franche-Comtà ©. However, his aggressive advances caused alliances to be formed against him which included the Habsburg domains of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, EnglandRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1510 Words   |  7 Pagesto numerous inner and outer conflicts of each character. However, as it is brought into being a character, Edgar in the end of the story, it implies new beginning of the kingdom. In addition, as comparing king Lear with Edgar, two social systems, monarchy and democracy can be evaluated. Democracy pursues freedom with less government intervention. This promotes each individual to take his/her own responsibility and protects the interest of citizenship. It also has stability in administration as

Managing Work Life Balance Free Essays

The current economic situation has been blamed for causing income loss, extended working hours and intense stress in workplaces all over the world. Due to this today people are being challenged to strike a balance between work life and family life. People are overwhelmed by the demanding careers, demanding families, a slow economy and so on. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Work Life Balance or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has left people with little time for what they need and want to do. Motivation refers to the desire, effort and passion to achieve something (Paul, Hoang, 2007). In business terms it is often referred to as the willingness to complete a task or job with enthusiasm.There are different motivators for every person. Some people are motivated by fears. Others are motivated by rewards. Many businesses recognize the fact that employees are their most important and valuable asset. And so it is essential that these businesses can get the most of them i. e. higher productivity so that their average cost of production is lowered and profits increased. However managers often are not able to get the best out of their employees which eventually leads to employees leaving the organization. We are all familiar with stress.Stress is commonly associated with how well or badly people cope with changes in their lives – at home, within the family, at work or in social situations (Stranks, Jeremy W. , 2005). So stress can be looked upon as an emotional and physical strain that is caused to people when they experience pressure from the outside world. Stress eventually leads to tension, irritation, lack of concentration and some physical problems such as headache, fast heart beats and high/low blood pressure. Stress in work place if not managed properly will surely cause harm both to employer and employee.Job stress has become a common and costly problem in most workplaces. Stress can be classified as positive and negative. Stress when handled well can prove to be positive but the pre-requisite of this is a mature manager who essentially gives positive stress in the form of targets to be achieved by the employees. This leads to extrinsic motivation as the managers makes the employees in the organization participate in an activity because of the benefits and rewards associated with the activity. When people participate in these activities and achieve targets then they are motivated.People working for the organization are motivated as achievable and practical targets give them a sense of achievement and the rewards associated with them satiates their esteem needs. In absence of targets/guidelines often people lack goals that guide them which lead to de-motivation. According to the American psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) people have a need for self-actualization (Paul, Hoang, 2007). Managers can encourage this by providing opportunities for personal development and promotion by setting targets. People also have esteem/ego needs according to Maslow (Paul, Hoang, 2007).This refers to the desire for recognition and being able to have self-respect. A manager is instrumental in providing both recognition and self-respect if employees in the organization are allowed to participate in decision making and are offered promotion if they achieve targets. These inconsiderate managers ignore the indications of stress amongst people working in the organization at all levels. These managers do not realise that such ignorance will prove to be costly for the organization as it would lead to low motivation, high absenteeism, fall in productivity, incorrect decision-making, poor industrial relations and lowered efficiency.There are also other ways of motivating people at work by reducing stress. Managers need to involve more people in the decision making process (it is not possible to involve all of them). The more managers involve them the more attached they become to their work which makes them more involved and they like their work. When people like what they are doing then they do not face stress. Rewarding employees also helps in reducing their stress. When they work hard and their work is recognized through bonuses or salary increases, they feel better. In today’s times people apart from money also look for time offs so that they can spend their time with their family. Awarding them with holidays as rewards provided work does not suffer is also a good way of reducing stress and motivating people. Another really effective way for rewarding and motivating people at work is to recognize them for any great achievements. A pat on the back goes a long way. An immature manager/boss provides negative stress or distress which arises out of unreasonable targets and deadlines which affects the health of the employees adversely.According to Rensis Likert, (1967), these leaders are exploitative autocratic who do not trust their employees and so order them to perform by putting pressure of performance by using threat and punishments (Paul, Hoang, 2007). Negative stress comes with a cost. It is estimated billions of pounds every year in lost production in UK due to stress at work (ANI, 2008). Managers who distress their employee fail to realize that with long working hours and unrealistic goals employees in the organization are not only losing on their standard of living but also their quality of life.Another important way in which a manager can help employees cope with stress is through work-life balance. A 2001 study of women working in telecommunications companies found that investment in work-life balance was closely correlated with higher retention and workforce diversity (Clutterbuck, David, 2003). Other surveys and case studies have linked a positive approach to work-life balance to productivity, creativity, positive attitudes towards work, and employee commitment (willingness to ‘go the extra mile’ on behalf of the customer or the company).Commitment has in turn been linked to financial performance, one international study finding that companies with committed employees provide an average return to shareholders of 112 per cent over three years, compared to 90 per cent for companies with average commitment (Clutterbuck, David, 2003). Work and life balance can be defined as the ability to make choices that fulfills one’s purpose over the course of time (Ronald, Claiborne, 2009). Work-life balance does not involve counting the amount of time an employee spends on working vs. /he spends not-working. It involves understanding how the time was spend in working and relaxing. Work life balance can help in managing stress in people’s lives as it will help them in managing their time and setting their priorities right. It is often observed that people are more successful if they are given flexibility so that they can meet the demand of their workplace and can also achieve their personal goals which are outside the workplace.Employers can create a flexible working environment where people can work effectively so that they can respond to the needs of the business without sacrificing their personal priorities in life. In order to strike a work life balance there are some things that can prove to be effective like offering employees longer family leaves, flexible use of holidays, better sick leave, sabbaticals, flexi-time, teleworking/home working and shorter wo rking. In order to strike work-life balance managers may have to give up the 9-5 job culture.This rigid system can be replaced by flexi-time. This system requires employees to work a core period of the day when they are expected to be at work but the rest of the time is flexi-time (Paul, Hoang, 2007). This means that the staff decides where they work, subject to them getting their work completed by set deadlines. For example an employee who is supposed to work for 40 hours in a week might work for 10 hours from Monday to Thursday and take Friday as off or may work 25 hours in the workplace per week and the remaining from any other location home or elsewhere.Flexi-time is beneficial to employees as it gives them a greater degree of freedom to balance their work and personal life, which helps in reducing stress. On the other hand organizations that use flexi-time can have an improved image as it is seen to be providing equal opportunities to staff that are unable to work standard hours due t o their other important mostly personal commitments. A better image will help in attracting better talent to the company. It also helps in improving motivation and hence productivity and output of the business.Businesses that use flextime can also save on paying overtime of their employees. Another suggestion would be teleworking which involves working away from the workplace by using electronic forms of communication such as telephone, fax and email. Another form of teleworking is which refers to people actually working from their own home. (Paul, Hoang, 2007). After from offering flexible working hours teleworking/home working helps in minimizing transportation costs, time and stress to the employees of traveling to work. This will help in reduced office overheads as less prime office space is required. Also hiring talented people from around the word as geographical boundaries no longer remain a problem. However this system relies heavily on ICT communication and equipment. It was makes management and control of staff difficult. Technological breakdown can cause major disruption to the business. Work life balance can also be enriched through portfolio working. Portfolio working is a vision of the way people will work in the future. In her book â€Å"Portfolio Working†, Joanna Grigg defines it as working for â€Å"a group or cluster of different employers, or a job and a business, or whatever combination comes together best for us† (The Economist, 2009). Charles Handy, who was largely responsible for popularizing the idea, wrote in his book â€Å"The Empty Raincoat†: â€Å"Going portfolio means exchanging full-time employment for independence. The portfolio is a collection of different bits and pieces of work for different clients†. Portfolio working has evolved as job uncertainties are part and parcel in many economies today.Since job security is not guaranteed in today’s times and as more organizations went for downsizing and de-layering by shedding of many skilled employees and these people had little option and so more and more professional are today opting for portfolio working. The privatization of state enterprises also had a similar impact. Portfolio workers need to be far widely skilled as compared to a full timer. Their competencies should range from computer skills, marketing, accounting and filling in tax returns for a sectaries job for example.A crucial part of motivation is recognition of work which is well done. For a portfolio worker this will not come by i. e. their work will neither be praised nor rewarded. Portfolio working offers people freedom to plan their days and balance their work and personal life and a far more varied workload. Nevertheless, portfolio working has not taken off to the extent as the security of comfort and allure of full-time employment remain compelling. Employees in an organization do require some positive stress to perform. However work overload leads to negative stress. So it is the responsibility f the manager to draw a line between positive and negative stress. If signs of stress are ignored then they can prove to be costly for the organization. It also depends on people on how well they can manage stress. When they are unsuccessful in managing stress it leads to serious ill health and stress related diseases. However if they actually successfully manage stress then it can bring growth, happiness and prosperity of the employees. So it is important that people are made aware of stress and taught to cope with it. This may be done through off the job expert training programs.Apart of this it is important for the managers not to ignore any stress related signals that their employees give. If s/he finds that an employee is under stress, s/he should not ignore it. S/he should take steps to help them. If s/he finds it difficult to provide a solution for it, s/he should get professional help. Even if the employee is suffering from non work related stress, the manager is required to look into the issue/s, if neglected it may later lead to work related stress. Bibliography ANI. â€Å"Work Stress Costs Firms Billions, Says Study. † Thaindian News. 6 Oct. 2008. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. Clutterbuck, David. Managing Work-life Balance: a Guide for HR in Achieving Organisational and Individual Change. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2003. Print. â€Å"Idea: Portfolio Working. † The Economist. 2 Nov. 2009. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. . Paul, Hoang. Business and Management. 1st ed. [S. l. ]: Ibid, 2007. Print. Ronald, Claiborne. â€Å"A Definition of Work-life Balance – by Ronald Claiborne – Helium. † Helium – Where Knowledge Rules. 31 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. . Stranks, Jeremy W. Stress at Work: Management and Prevention. Amsterdam [u. a. : Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005. Print. How to cite Managing Work Life Balance, Essays

Server Based Vibration Sensor Using Microcontroller

Question: Discuss about the Sever based Vibration Sensor using Microcontroller. Answer: Material and Methods Vibration Sensor The purpose and objective of the vibration sensor is to test the impact force. It has the property of high sensitivity for the vibration detection and has the suppression of the sound signal (Sujith, et al., 2012). Considerations Piezoelectric sensor has majorly two parameters that are primary and they are sensitivity and frequency range. Generally, high sensitivity sensors consists low frequency ranges, conversely high frequency sensors are having low frequency. The inertia of mass shows this relationship. Generally, if mass increases sensitivity also increases. Accordingly, as the sensor quickly approaches its resonance frequency, usable frequency reduces. So it needs compromise in between the frequency response and sensitivity. Environmental Requirements Range of Temperature Temperature transients such as steam, hot air, result in expansion of metal case that affects erroneous output in low frequency measurements up to less than 5Hz. To such cases to limit temperature transients, protective sensor housing needs consideration. Such errors are possible to overcome by using monitors along with the band pass filters as well as the techniques. Humidity To prevent the humidity and moisture the sealing of the sensors is needed. Jackets are available for overcoming the integral cables, high humidity, splash proof cable connectors. Amplitude If sensors amplitude range exceeds, there is a distortion to the entire operating frequency range. It means mechanical shock loading can overload the sensors response capacity. Hazardous Environments Vibration sensors must be certified by agency to avoid hazardous concentrations of gas, vapour and combustible dust (Robert Andrew, 2009).Fuel-to-air mixture can even be hazardous in that environment, if it has better volatile concentration, also vibration sensors that are certified, may cause ignition. This reduces risks in the specified environment, and avoids explosions. These days industrial sensors are certified by and agencies or manufacturers, like, Canadian Standards Association, Factory Mutual (FM), and CENELEC. Requirements of Electrical Powering A constant DC power is needed for the amplified vibration sensors. Normally, the power supply may be in the range of 18 to 30 volts with 2 to 10 mA current. Amplitude Range Supply Voltage The manufacture of sensors keeps bias voltage in between lower and upper cut off voltages. The main difference between the bias and cut off voltage performs the voltage swing available at the output (Robert Andrew, 2009). Vibration Sensor The use of the vibration sensor SW 420 is in the project for the purpose of detecting the vibration that goes beyond the threshold. For the purpose of experiment, the threshold will be adjusted with the help of potentiometer present on-board. It consists of an LED. The output of the LED and so the module will be low or zero, when there is no vibration and when there is vibration, the LED glows and the output indicated will be high. Specifications The vibration sensor has the following specifications. Digital output Switch to have close as the default state Supply voltage required, 3.3 to 5V LED to show the output or results Application The applications of the SW-420 vibration sensor would be as burglary protection system, in addition to the vibration detection. Other important applications are as security and alarm systems. As an alarm system, it has the applications for safety boxes, motor vehicles, doors and windows of treasury, etc. Web server A web server is defined as a system that processes various requests, which are sent through HTTP and also network protocol that information passes through World Wide Web. The main aim of the web server is to process web pages, store to clients. Web server function is to communicate between client and server through Hypertext Transfer protocol. The pages that transfer through HTTP are HTML documents which are images, scripts and style sheets (Rani Based, 2012). A user agent is a web browser which requests are send through HTTP to the web server and server responds the resource with the content and if sending requests fails displays error message. The main function of server is to send and receive the content of clients and submitting the information through uploading of files and web forms (Sujith et al., 2014). Generally the web servers use server side scripts using PHP, Active Server Pages and some other scripting languages. It means content or information is scripted in separate files but the software or actual server script remains unchanged. It indicates the generation of dynamic HTML documents dynamically and returns static documents. Previously, the information is retrieved from databases only. After, the documents and information is cached fast, but cannot deliver dynamic content. Not only World Wide Web, web servers serve embedded devices such as routers, webcams, printers and local networks. And no other software needs to be installed on client computers, the web browser or software included with the operating systems. Microcontroller A microcontroller (MCU) shortly microcontroller unit is one integrated circuit consists of memory, processor core, and input/output peripherals that are programmable. Each program memory includes chip contains in the form of Ferroelectric NOR flash, RAM, or OTP ROM and RAM of small amount. The microcontroller is used for general purpose applications mainly used and designed for embedded applications in the form of discrete chips (Peng et al., 2011). Microcontrollers are used in embedded systems in remote controls, office machines, power tools, toys. Mainly used in automatically controlled products and devices. Microcontrollers are used in reducing cost and size and make cost effective economical digitally control uses individual input/output devices and microprocessor memory. Mixed signal microcontrollers are used in non-digital electronic systems also. Some of the microcontrollers work at low frequency as 4 kHz can use for low power consumption and can use for four-bit words. Microcontrollers use functionality such as button press, power consumption while sleeping or other interrupt just at Nano watts. And also use for applications of the long lasting battery, some other microcontrollers has the roles that are performance-critical such as power consumption, higher clock speeds and digital signal processor (DSP). There are various microcontrollers, such as Arduino, Parallax Basic Stamp, Phidgets, Netmedias BX and many others. However, the reason for choosing the Arduino, is because it is not messy as the others, for programming of microcontrollers and the operations. Arduino, is easy to access for the beginners and yet is made to be very flexible for the advanced users. Arduino can simplify the working process with microcontrollers, with no deviation of advantages of others (Moubarak et al., 2011). Arduino Arduino is an electronics platform, which is available as open-source. The application is made for both the hardware and software for easy to use. The project will use Arduino and the Arduino boards will be used to read the inputs, which are given from the output of the vibration sensor or detector. So, it takes the input from the vibration sensor and produces the output accordingly. The output in this project is shown through the web server. The instructions will be given to the board, to perform set of instructions. The microcontroller present on the board takes the inputs, process the inputs and then produces the outputs, based on the programming requirements. It needs Arduino programming language, which can also be done on wiring as well as the IDE of the Arduino software. Initially, Aruino was developed by Ivea Interaction Design Institute, as a simple tool. The purpose of this tool was for fast prototyping, enabled to be operated by even, non-electronic and non-programming professionals. Very soon, it became an open source, from the wider community developed. It started embracing new challenges, needs and started differentiating the offers from simple boards towards wearables, IoT applications, embedded environments, 3D printing, etc. The reason for selecting the Arduino is because of the simplicity and better accessibility of it and it can be applied to wider range of projects, including the web-server based vibration detector using microcontroller. The application can be run over Windows, Linux and Mac as well. Advantages Inexpensive Clear and simple programming environment Cross-platform Open source as well as extensible hardware Open source as well as extensible software It has all its components that are easier to understand, use and control as per the requirements, The Arduino product that will be used in this project is, ESP 8266. So, it is going to function as the brain of the project. Since it is available as an open source platform, it will be accessed and used easily and its accessible knowledge help exploring the ways of using it. Vibration of Building Pillers and Measurment The measurement of the building is done in peak velocity or rms velocity. Vibration usually enters the body, in different axes, x, y and z-axis. The vibration in z-axis is more sensitive compared to the x and y-axis vibration. Measurement is done for the human exposure to various vibrations in three different axes and all these results are compared and combined to the criteria. It needs appropriate transfer function for converting the levels at the point of measurement to the ones that are likely to occur at the point of the assessment internal to the building. Methods to Detect the Vibration Web Server Piezoelectric Sensor These are the typical sensors that are used for detection of the vibration. The piezoelectric sensor generates electricity automatically, by itself. When the same material has sensed the vibration, by the effect of the materials of the piezoelectric, electric charge will be generated. Then the voltage is amplified by the charge amplifier or voltage amplifier. Then the impedance conversion is done, where this charge of electricity becomes the power output. The power output generated will be directly proportional to the force generated or suffered by the sensor, outside. Eventually, the goal of vibration parameters measurement, in the form of non-electricity signal could be realized. The major purpose and objective of the piezoelectric sensor is to measure the acceleration and dynamic force (Lamb, 2013) Advantages The piezoelectric sensor has no moving parts and so is enough stable, against vibration of the sensor itself It has good frequency band width to measure wider range of the vibration The sensor has high sensitivity, so that the vibration is measured completely The sensor has very simple structure to understand and use it for the measurement of vibration It is very light in weight The senor, on an overall, is a reliable sensor to detect the vibration Disadvantages Resonant frequency High input impedance Amplification is needed because of the weak output signal Vulnerable to the external environments, in terms of interference Though there are certain disadvantages, they can be overcome by employing certain methods, such as adding cable of low noise, secondary instrument, small capacitance and high insulation resistance, so that the piezoelectric sensors can be used widely (Ludlow Chris, 2008). The vibration of the metallic objects is measured by the inductive sensor, without touching them. So, it is also called as an electronic proximity sensor. The principle of the inductive sensors is over the electromagnetic induction (Sujith et al., 2014). It makes use of the self-inductance coil or mutual inductance coil for achieving the goal of detection of the electrical signal, which is realized after it gets converted from the input vibration. The following figures shows, the principle structure of the inductive sensor. Figure: Inductive Sensor Principle Structure Here, 1 indicates a fixed iron and 2 indicates the armature that is movable. Over the fixed iron, the number of circles of wire circled would be N. Based on the magnetic circuit function, the induction produced, while the fixed iron is worked during non-saturation, is, L = N2 0 A0 / 2l0 Here, 0 = magnetic permeability A0 = equivalent cross-sectional area l = gap length When the objects vibration result to the thickness or real or the magnet length, in between the armature and iron, there will be change of the inductance, inductance change is measured, to measure the objects vibration. Advantages High accuracy of measurement Greater or increased output power Zero stability problems Simple structure Overall reliability Can detect vibration of any ferrous metal Disadvantages Linearity restricted with the other parameters Range and sensitivity are restricted from each other Unsuitable for high frequency dynamic signal measurement Procedure of Vibration Detection through Web Server The project requires the following material and devices for implementation. Arduino Vibration sensor Ethernet shield Internet connection and router optionally Resistors Step 1 Take the Arduino microcontroller board and set the circuitry, along with the vibration sensor, resistors, according to the circuit Step 2 Ethernet shield has to be set up. This Ethernet shield is provided by the Arduino board. It is needed for the establishment of communication among the network and internet. Step 3 Employ the web server. The webserver can be employed simply, as a web server app, which can act as a storage of the data related to the object and the vibration. The data from the web server is taken as the input to measure the vibration. Any vibration sensor can be used to provide the output through the microcontroller, based on the program. The web server App can also be obtained by the Arduino, like by merging the library and DHTxx code from Lady Ada, for example. Step 4 Build access from the remote area. The network has to be built by enabling the internet connection. The internet connection can be made through the Ethernet. In addition to that Wi-Fi connection can be made through the router, so that the vibration sensor information can be passed and stored in the webserver from the multiple locations and sites, where the objects are present. Conclusion Vibration is one of the parameters of an object, which is created or generated by the impact force. The vibration of the object can be measured through various methods and sensors. The vibration sensors can be measured through webserver as one method and alternately, there are multiple solutions and some of the solutions are addressed in this report. Reference Al-Ahmar, E. et al, 2008, Wind Energy Conversion Systems Fault Diagnosis Using Wavelet Analysis, International Review of Electrical Engineering. Alkar, Z. A., Atif, M, 2009, An Internet-Based Interactive Embedded Data-Acquisition System for RealTime Applications, VOL.58, NO.3. Daniele, M, Gabriele, M., Giacomo, B. Gualtiero, F. 2015.Changing the programming paradigm for the embedded in the IoT domain. Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on. Milan: IEEE Harris, D. Harris, S. 2012.Digital Design and Computer Architecture, Second Edition, p. 515. Lakes, Roderic, 2013,Electrical Properties of Bone - a review. University of Wisconsin Lamb, F. 2013.Industrial Automation: Hands-On. McGraw-Hill Education. pp.7475. Ludlow, Chris, 2008,Energy Harvesting with Piezoelectric Sensors. Mide Technology Manivannan M. Kumaresan N. 2011, Design of On-line Interactive Data Acquisition and Control System for Embedded Real Time Applications, IEEE. Moubarak, P. et al., 2011, A Self-Calibrating Mathematical Model for the Direct Piezoelectric Effect of a New MEMS Tilt Sensor, IEEE Sensors Journal, 12. Patil, D. D Slokhe, B. T, 2015, Design of remote data acquisition system based on 3G, International Journal of Engineering Research Online, Department of Electronics, TKIET, India. Paul, W. R. 2012, An electronic nose to differentiate aromatic flowers using a real-time information-rich piezoelectric resonance measurement.Procedia Chemistry Peng, Z., Hu, C., Liao, J., Chang, T, 2011, Design of embedded remote monitoring terminal based on 3G network", IEEE/ICME International Conference on May 2011. Rani, R, C, Kumar, P, A., 2012, Location Based Services In Android", International Journal of Advances in Engineering Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 209-220. Robert, B. O., Andrew, M. A.2009, Piezoelectricity. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Singhal1, M, Shukla, A, 2012, Implementation of Location based Services in Android using GPS and Web Services IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 1, No 2. Sujith, G., Vinod, P. V., Vinaya, M. S. Babu, S. S, 2014, Real-time vibration monitoring in Android smart phone using location based service, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, India. Suyog A. W . Chaudhari, R.P. 2012, Ethernet Enabled Digital i/o Control in Embedded Systems, IEEE Wang, P, 2011, Design of Temperature and Humidity Intelligent Control System Based on C8051F 2011 International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics IEEE Wang, Y., Chen, R., Yu, R, 2011, Remote data acquisition based on the EDGE, International Conference on, June 2011.

Church in the Wild Analysis Essay Example

Church in the Wild Analysis Paper Jay Z no Church in the Wild With the release of their newest CD, Watch the Throne, many of Jay-Z and Kanye West’s most exclusive tracks have come under scrutiny. One particular song containing debatable yet obvious theological symbolism is â€Å"No Church in the Wild.† Citing and exclaiming their religious and social beliefs, as well as their activities in today’s society in this new song, Kanye West and Shawn Carter (Jay-Z) show deep symbolism of today’s culture, the influence of Plato and Socrates on them, as well as their controversial lifestyles. Also, containing a featured chorus by Frank Ocean and a bridge by The-Dream, these parts touch on the symbolism and influence of religion and love in many lives today. The Watch the Throne duo revealed their theological beliefs in this song in many ways typical of their style. The song starts off with Frank Ocean’s hook: â€Å"Human beings in a mob, What’s a mob to a king? What’s a king to a God? What’s a God to a non-believer who don’t believe in anything?† Each of these couplets have significance to one another and are all tied together. He starts off by saying that there are human beings in a mob. But what is one human being to a mob? It is insignificant by number, but numbers make up the masses. He then goes on to ask â€Å"What’s a mob to a king?† creating the question that asks: can a mob of people overcome a king or is a king too powerful? But what is a â€Å"king to a God?† Does a mortal king have as much power as an almighty spiritual God? The song begins to unfold when Frank Ocean sings, â€Å"What’s a God to a non-believer who don’t believe in anything?† Frank Ocean brings up an interesting question: if a God is almighty and powerful and has influence over itâ₠¬â„¢s followers, what does this God mean to a non-believer? A non-believer does not care about a God’s existence, so to this person, this God does not even exist or matter. God has just went from being the most powerful being in the universe to superstition. The hook is ended with and also begins the song with the line â€Å"Will he make it out alive, alright, alright, no church in the wild.† This line touches on the â€Å"non-believer† who doesn’t believe in a God and is, in a sense, in the wild. The non-believer has no one protecting him, including a God, so will he be safe in this world where there is no church and God protecting him? We will write a custom essay sample on Church in the Wild Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Church in the Wild Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Church in the Wild Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As Frank Ocean’s hook of the song endz, the song breaks down and Jay-Z’s verse begins. Jay-Z touches on some philosophical and religious topics throughout his verse. During the second line of his verse, he raps, â€Å"Lies on the lips of a priests, Thanksgiving disguised as a feast.† What if every priest, the messenger for God, whom was supposed to spread the truth, was just telling lies? The basic theme of the track is that you have to fight for yourself, as there is nobody else there to save you (no church in the wild). This is explored through the use of scripture and religious imagery. With the media, Internet, and other means of communication, it is hard to tell what information is true. Thanksgiving, the American holiday to celebrate America’s independence and God’ provisions for our nation, but is tabooed by the fact that we killed numerous Native Americans for our nation. In his sixth line, he states, â€Å"Drug dealer chic, I’m wondering if a thug’s prayers reach,† which is also a Tupac reference, and wonders whether or not a thug or criminal’s prayer is reached by God. From lines 7-9 (â€Å"Is Pious pious cause God.I know yall hear my sneaks†), Jay paraphrases â€Å"The Euthyphro Dilemma†: Do the gods love holy (pious) things because they are pious, or are those things that are pious made in this holy way because the gods love them? This comes back to Socrates and his questioning and wondering of why we do things for certain people or the gods to make them happy for no reasoning? Why do we want to make God happy? It is because we are told to make God happy through worship. Jays verse starts with him describing impurities in things that are supposed to be perfect (i.e. Tears on the mausoleum floor, blood stains on the Colosseum doors, lies on the lips of a priest etc.) He then insinuates that he, Jesus, and Kanye are a new Holy Trinity:Jesus was a carpenter, Yeezy he laid beats (Kanye built music like Jesus, a carpenter would build a house — this could also be a loose allusion to Kanyes song Jesus Walks). He’s setting the two of them up as Gods of Rap. Kanyes verse stays with the Trinity by rapping about a a threesome (we formed our own religion†). He then describes a girl who is a perfect apostle for him, with two tattoos that read, No Apologies and Love is Cursed by Monogamy.

The Life of Eugene Beckett Essays

The Life of Eugene Beckett Essays The Life of Eugene Beckett Essay The Life of Eugene Beckett Essay Essay Topic: Waiting for Godot Eugenes mother had sent him and his sister to live with a different family in the Countryside, where he stayed from 1917 through 1919. In his later writings, he describes this time of his life as the most peaceful and quietest. Ionesco and his sister eventually moved back to Paris and once again, lived with his mother and grandparents. He began to write while he attended a school in Rue Dupleix. Eugene) Becketts dramatic works are not those of traditional drama, he had certain styles of work and he usually had all of his characters involved in some sort of conflict. Beckett was the first of the absurdists to claim international fame, with his works being translated into over twenty different languages. Samuel Beckett is another father figure of the Theater of the Absurd style. Beckett, who was an Irish-born playwright and novelist, was born on April 13, 1906 in the Dublin suburb of Foxrock, Ireland. Beckett was raised in a middle class, protestant home. He is best known for and won international fame with his play En Attendant Godot (Waiting for Godot), which was first performed in Paris on January 5, 1953, and the play received worldwide commendation; however, possibly the most famous production of this play took place at the San Quentin penitentiary for an audience of over fourteen hundred convicts. As much to people surprise, the performance was that of great success. It led the prisoners to understand that life is all about waiting and killing time for the hope that change may be right around the corner and if it doesnt come today, then possibly tomorrow. (Samuel) From 1960 to 1964, Ionesco lived in Paris, and continued working on more performances. In 1969, he received the medal of Monaco, and in December, the Great National Theatre Prize. The following year in 1970, Ionesco was elected a member of the French Academy and that same year he received the Great Australian Prize. Throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s, Ionesco received many awards and recognition, and in his later years, he spent most of his time painting. (Eugene) In 1969, at the age of 57, Beckett was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. He continued writing up until his death in 1989. At the time of his death, he was said to be the most innovative and influential dramatist of the 20th Century. The Theater of the Absurd artists and performers had much of the same lifestyle growing up and each had difficult stages in their lives when they had felt no self confidence and felt like they were not going anywhere in life. For the most part, while they were dealing with these times, they resorted to writing in order to vent from it all. Writing actually helped them to overcome many doubts that they all had. In Jarrys case, unfortunately his problems with alcohol actually got to him before he could get to that recovery stage. Although his life was ended short, he obviously had a major impact in literature and many followed his style of writing. (Samuel) Ionesco disliked false interpretations of his work. He states, I always want to be understood, that is to say, I want people to fully understand what I tried to say, since I tried to say it. This statement came about when American audiences misinterpreted his play, Rhinoceros, and thought it was a comedy even though it was written as a tragi-comedy. The play contained three types of humor: dark humor, verbal humor, and physical humor. Even though Rhinoceros contains these three types of humor, it is also said that is has a slight element of classical tragedy.

Friendship through thick or thin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Friendship through thick or thin - Essay Example ws down to explain their predicaments, how people neglect their occurrence and the problems they have to face in the society, since they are a neglected lot in the society. However, their fate is decided upon with them stumbling on a fortune. Since they have a strong bond in their relationship, they gain understanding in each other. They have ample trust in each other and decide to share their fortune. There are different people in the society with different economic muscles, depending on their social context. These are the rich people and the poor people who live in the same society, referred to as â€Å"home,† However, there is a difference between the two kinds of people as they have to live in different parts of the society. The poor people live on the streets and are regarded an invisible by the well-to-do with people. Wagamese states that it is â€Å"a truth you carry within yourself.† They are used to the neglect as they do not have the influence in the society (Wagamese, 124). They are forced to live on their own devices, which is a hurdle to their living. However, â€Å"their sense of belonging unites† them as friends and family that stays together. There is a spiritual guidance in the livelihoods of the four characters as they have their own contributions towards their companionship. First, Amelia One Sky is a considerable mother figure in the group, with the responsibilities of controlling the group. He is the in control of the group with â€Å"spiritual guidance and a deep reflection† on their needs. He instigated the whole group by joining the outsiders to their circle. Secondly, Amelia joined the outsiders to the group by incepting â€Å"Timber, Double Dick and Digger† (Wagamese 234). Their friendship was concreted by the fact that they lived in the same area and had the same experience in their life. In the course of their search for greener pastures, they attend a cinema and are obliged to have a deep adoration to the cinema. This is an instance that

COMPARE THE PARTY LINE AND WOMEN TALK TOO MUCH Article

COMPARE THE PARTY LINE AND WOMEN TALK TOO MUCH - Article Example The article shows that many situations men talk more than women do where they instill dominance in issues of different scenarios. Men usually want to ensure their points are taken on point in interviews taken. This is reflected in the study done in New Zealand where it was established that men control more of the talking time. This article shows that men talk more compared to women in public like official meetings, seminars, or tasks activities. It shows that men are more concerned with their status compared to women (Holmes, 2006). The article highlights that women do talk more than men in other situations do especially where they use talk to develop personal relationships, where women can make connections rather than proving points to the public. Women talk more about family and when in the majority. It seems that women talk more depending on their context (Karpf, 2006) In the article, â€Å"The Party Line† by Rachael Rafelman (2006) it shows that women generally want to be heard where listening to them is an integral part of the girl talk due to reciprocal communication and women folk require this from each other. This article states that men are boring when both women and men are engaged in the same conversation, but women seem interesting than their male counterparts. Men enjoy talking about business and avoid personal stuff. Women in conversation look for ways to connect where women prefer disclosure of details when men do not disclose personal information easily (Rafelman, 2006). The article by Rafelman (2006) speaks about how women are traditionally designed to keep conversations going in traditional female social functions. Where women draw people out and enable people to talk about themselves. It highlights that women capabilities are undermined where they are not celebrated. Women’s speech intends to be soft in conversations, and this is due to their nature. In this article of â€Å"the Party

Child development shot answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Child development shot answer - Assignment Example First Law: For all of the human beings, their traits are heritable and transferred through generations. This law indicates that no matter where the kids are raised some of strong makers in their behavior are the result of heredity. A conventional theory is, half of the variation in intelligence, personality and life outcomes is heritable. Second Law: Genes affect a person’s behavior more than the effect of a person being brought up in the same family. This law explains that the effect of upbringing on a child’s behavior is about 0% to 10% rests of his traits are all genetics. Answer: Their proposed theory of development with genetics is that the genetical traits also have an effect on the environment changes and both of them have a direct or through experience impact on 3 types of correlations: Passive, Evocative and Active. If a child is raised in a tragic environment then chances are that in an evocative environment he would start showing negative traits. Q5. List and define the 4 attachments styles assessed in childhood through the Strange Situation. Then provide an overview of the parenting styles or patterns of caregiving that are thought to foster each of the 4 attachment styles. Describe or explain the social learning, cognitive developmental, and ethological explanation so of how infants form primary attachments. Answer: Secure attachment. In this type of attachment the child feels safe, explorative and happy. He trusts the person he is with and knows his needs will be fulfilled. In this case the parents response quickly to the child’s need and are always there for him when needed. Avoidant attachment. This type of attachment tells us that the child is not that happy, he does not feel explorative and understands that his needs might not be met. In this case the parents are usually distant and detached to the child. Ambivalent

Second Hand Smoke Prevention Policies

Second Hand Smoke Prevention Policies EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS Thank you for the opportunity to make a submission on the Smoke-free Cars Bill in NZ. I am currently a Population Health student at the University of Auckland, an interest which stemmed from my realisation that many illnesses and injuries are largely preventable. With volunteering experience for World Vision NZ, I am also an advocate of children’s health. My approach to health is based upon population health. In the case of smoking, there exists significant population health ramifications: of not only the impact tobacco has on smokers’ health, but of also the dangers of second-hand smoke (SHS) to those around them. This policy is therefore important for not only the wellbeing of children, but also for achieving widespread positive health gain for all New Zealanders. Like many health organisations in NZ, I urge the promotion of a Vision for Tupeka Kore Aotearoa; a tobacco-free New Zealand by 2020 so that future generations of New Zealanders will be protected from exposure to tobacco products and enjoy tobacco-free lives. I support the bill to ban smoking in all vehicles when children are present. Firstly, considerable scientific studies have produced convincing evidence that exposure to SHS in vehicles has serious health consequences for children. Moreover, there are marked deprivation and ethnic inequalities in in-vehicle SHS exposure. Thirdly, the need to protect children, a vulnerable group, from these harms forms the ethical rationale for regulatory action. Finally, ought such a bill be implemented, it would enjoy widespread public support from smokers and non-smokers, adults and children alike. Key Recommendations I recommend that awareness campaigns are needed to highlight the risks associated with SHS, the benefits of maintaining smoke-free cars, and the rationales behind a law banning smoking in vehicles carrying children. I recommend that the government continue supporting media campaigns and other initiatives which encourage smoking cessation. Based on the range of fines imposed in Australia and the fine linked to the safety belt law in NZ, I suggest an on-the-spot fine of $150 be set for those breaching the smoke-free ban. As a more long-term strategy, I recommend that the possibility of restricting smoking in all private vehicles (regardless of whether they are carrying children) to be explored. POLICY STATEMENT The harmful effects that SHS causes to children’s health is well documented. Although the general public is protected by the smoke-free regulations in enclosed public places and workspaces in NZ, most children remain at risk of exposure to high levels of SHS when confined in vehicles. For the purposes of this submission, â€Å"children† refers to anyone under the age of eighteen. In order to reduce children’s exposure to SHS in vehicles, I am championing the Smoke-free Cars Bill, banning smoking in any vehicle with children present. Using supporting evidence, I outline the reasons behind my position below. HEALTH AND WELLBEING RATIONALE Second-hand Smoke SHS is highly toxic; it contains thousands of hazardous chemicals, many of which are cancer-causing (carcinogenic). When non-smokers are exposed to SHS (passive smoking), they also inhale many of the toxins and carcinogenic substances as smokers do. Health Hazards in Children Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of SHS, as they have smaller airways and lungs, faster breathing rates, and less developed immune systems. For children, exposure to SHS is a known cause of many adverse health consequences. SHS increases the risk of respiratory diseases (such as bronchitis and pneumonia) , middle ear infections , and sudden infant death syndrome . Exposure to SHS is especially harmful for asthmatic children, who experience more severe symptoms and more frequent asthma attacks. SHS can also cause asthma in children with no prior symptoms. An estimated one million asthmatic children in the United States have had their condition worsened due to SHS exposure. Yet, a study reported that only half of the parents of asthmatic children maintained smoke-free vehicles. Children exposed to SHS in vehicles have been found to exhibit nicotine dependence symptoms, even though they had previously never smoked cigarettes. A review by the British Medical Association concluded that there is no safe level of exposure to SHS for children; low levels of exposure are still associated with harmful health effects. Pollution Levels of Smoke in Vehicles Pollution levels from SHS with vehicles reach dangerously high levels that can cause serious health risks for all riders, particularly children. Unhealthy levels of pollution generated from SHS were detected across multiple studies, even with vehicle windows and air vents opened, and the fan set on high. The levels of pollution from SHS a child is exposed to in a fully ventilated vehicle was found to be greater than that of smoke-filled bars and restaurants , and smokers’ homes ; they also exceeded air quality levels on Auckland’s poorest air quality days. The Chartered Institute of Environmental Health found that effects of SHS in vehicles continue to be harmful, long after the smoke had dissipated. This is due to the build-up of chemicals from cigarette smoke, which clings to the carpet and upholstery. In all cases, the studies’ authors recommended the enactment of smoke-free vehicle regulations to protect the health of not only children, but all non-smokers. EQUITY RATIONALE MÄ ori and Pacific Island children were found to have greater SHS exposure in vehicles. This, however, is not a localised phenomenon, as previous studies in the United States found similar ethnic disparities. Martin et al. observed that children of low socioeconomic status have a higher risk of exposure to SHS in vehicles, and therefore, may contribute to health inequities. This is consistent with a study in the United States, which reported that lower income households were less likely to maintain smoke-free cars. Jarvie and Malone concluded that a bill protecting children from SHS in vehicles promotes equity, because children who are already social disadvantaged (of minority populations, and deprived neighbourhoods and families) would derive the most benefits. ETHICAL RATIONALE Children are a Vulnerable Group Legislation is important to protect children because they are a vulnerable, dependent group of individuals, who – unlike adults – are unable to protect or speak for themselves. Preventing smoking by adults in vehicles containing children constrains adults freedom (or autonomy) temporarily, as they would only be restricted in vehicles. However, for children who are unable to protect themselves from SHS exposure, the effects of SHS are serious and permanent. Protecting the Interests of Children Ethicists asserted that adults who choose to smoke in vehicles with children present are not acting in the interests of the child, because their action places children at high risk of serious harm from SHS exposure. This is a circumstance where the interests of children and parents conflict: the health and wellbeing of children, versus adults freedom to smoke in vehicles. Given that SHS exposure is profound in its potential to cause preventable morbidity and mortality among children, the government – as the ultimate guardian of children – has a duty to ban smoking in vehicle with children present. This bill is further supported by ethical principles of non-maleficence and beneficence: it both obliges adults to not inflict harm to children, and promotes the interests of children. INCREASING PUBLIC SUPPORT Numerous studies found that while smokers were less likely to be supportive of smoke-free laws in all vehicles, they were largely supportive of banning smoking in vehicles when children are present. It is fair to conclude that there would be even higher levels of support among non-smokers. The vast majority of people would therefore be calling for and supporting the enforcement of a smoke-free law for vehicles carrying children. Survey data in NZ and overseas alike have indicated that support for laws banning smoking in cars carrying children has been increasing over time. A NZ study found that children expressed negative feelings toward smoking, and were aware that smoking in cars with children present is ‘wrong’. Some specifically stated that smoking should be banned, which suggests that children themselves would be supportive of a bill restricting smoking in vehicles. RECOMMENDATIONS Alongside legislation (which urges responsible behaviour), I recommend that awareness campaigns are needed to highlight the health risks for children associated with SHS, the benefits of maintaining smoke-free cars, and the rationales behind a law banning smoking in vehicles containing children. I recommend that the government continue to support media campaigns by Quitline NZ and other initiatives which encourage smoking cessation, as it is the single most effective way of reducing children’s exposure to SHS without forcing behaviour change. I suggest an on-the-spot fine of $150 be set for those breaching the smoke-free ban. This has been made in consideration of the range of fines imposed in Australia (where there already exists a smoking bans on vehicles carrying children) , as well as the $150 fine associated with breaching the safety belt law in NZ . As a more long-term strategy, I recommend that the possibility of restricting smoking in all private vehicles should be explored, as this would be much more straightforward and practical than a ban limited to smoking in vehicles only if children are present. Exposure to SHS in vehicles is also a significant risk to the health of adults. CONCLUSION Thank you for the opportunity to submit on the Smoke-free Cars Bill in NZ. In this submission, I have outlined the health and wellbeing, equity and ethical rationales, as well as evidence of increasing public support, for why a law banning smoking in all vehicles containing children is required. I have made practical recommendations on how the policy, if implemented, could be improved and strengthened. I look forward to seeing the regulation of smoking in cars as one step closer to realising Tupeka Kore Aotearoa, a tobacco-free New Zealand, by 2020.

Comparing Sir Walter Raleighs The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd to Chr

Comparing Sir Walter Raleigh's "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" to Christopher Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love"Â   Sir Walter Raleigh wrote "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" in 1600 to respond to Christopher Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" written in 1599. In " The Passionate Shepherd to His Love", the Shepherd used double-entendres and hidden sexual images in an attempt to trick the Nymph into performing sexual intercourse with him. The Shepherd attempted to convince the Nymph that he would bestow her the various presents and pleasures that he described, but in reality his gifts only comprised of sexual meanings. However, the Nymph was exceedingly intelligent and conscious of the Shepherd's hidden seductions. She was so smart, that she hastily rejected the Shepherd's proposal by using the exact words that the Shepherd used in his request. The Shepherd in Marlowe's poem used disguised sexual images in hope that the Nymph would be attracted to him. The Shepherd first offered the Nymph "...valleys, groves, hills, and fields, / woods, or steepy mountain yields" ( ). He hopes that the Nymph would interpret the images as places he would like to take her, but in actuality the Shepherd was describing to the Nymph the various parts and curves of her body which he would like to explore. The Nymph replies to his offer by stating "The flowers do fade, and wanton fields, / to wayward winter reckoning yields " ( ). Which means that things change and though the Shepherd has a sexually unrestrained body, that through time he will become headstrong and unwilling to continue the sexual pleasures. As the poem continues, the Shepherd offers the Nymph "a belt of straw and ivy buds" ( ). The belt and ... ... have moved you, then come live with me so that we may continue making these "pleasures". The Nymph replied with "If truth in every shepherd's tongue/ these pretty pleasures might me move" (2-3). She would be moved by what the Shepherd said if he wanted more from her than just a sexual relationship. Through reading the works by Marlowe and Raleigh it's determined that the shepherd had only sexual feelings for the Nymph. The poems showed no acts of love, only sexual desires that the Shepherd was feeling and a strong sense of rejection from the Nymph. The Nymph did an extraordinary job of standing up for herself. The Shepherd failed in his plan to trick the Nymph and ended up looking like a jackass. Works Cited: Marlowe, Christopher. "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love." From The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Sixth ed. New York: Norton, 1993.

Q: Contrast English with One Other Language with Respect to Two Particular Points of Grammar or Vocabulary. with Reference to That Point of Grammar/Vocabulary, State How Native Speakers of These Languages Would Be

Q: Contrast English with one other language with respect to TWO particular points of grammar or vocabulary. With reference to that point of grammar/vocabulary, state how native speakers of these languages would be predicted to differ in their thinking or perception if we accept the linguistic relativity hypothesis. How might you test this prediction experimentally? This essay will discuss the linguistic relativity hypothesis contrasting the English language with the most common Chinese dialect, Mandarin.The question of whether or not the language we speak shapes how we view the world has interested the fields of anthropology, psychology and linguistics for many years. Using two aspects of vocabulary, which I have chosen to be that of ‘space’ and ‘time’, I will attempt to predict how native Mandarin and English speakers may differ in their conceptions of the sequential order of time. Following these predictions I will outline a proposed method as to test the predictions experimentally. A definition and brief history of how the linguistic relativity hypothesis developed into what it is today is the necessary starting platform for this essay.Today and indeed spanning back through this century, Benjamin Lee Whorf is most commonly associated with the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. (Slobin, 1996, p. 70). However it is due to the arguments and advancing hypotheses of Hamann, Herder, Humboldt, Boas and Sapir that brought about today’s view of linguistic relativism (Gumperz & Levinson, 1996, p. 2). Hamann was the first German philosopher to bring light and discussion to the relationship of language and cognitive thinking. In 1762 Hamann recorded many ideas with attribute to linguistic relativism in his work ‘Kreuzzuge des Philologen’.Here Hamann states how â€Å"Language did not originate from thought, but its origin had been prior to thought, for thought presupposes a language in which it might manifest itself† (Beek, 2005, p. 7). Herder was Hamann’s student and it is visible in his work that he was influenced by the teachings of Hamann. The progression of this discussion began as Herder believed that language was a result of psychological, historical and natural forces, (McAfee, 2004, p. 28), and had no divine origin as thought by Hamann. Whorf also shared this belief among others with Herder. Whorf put such eliefs into his studies, the prevalent shared theory being that â€Å"external features of a particular language could provide clues to its inner character† (McAfee, 2004, p. 28). The 19th century paved way for the German philosopher and language theorist, Humboldt. Whorf drew many of his theories from those of Humboldt’s. Humboldt strongly believed that language and thought were one and that with the absence of language, cognition could not be articulated clearly, (McAfee 2004, p. 28). Humboldt is the first mentioned in this essay to seek a substantial amount of evidence in order to prove or further predict his thoughts on linguistic relativity.Due to lack of concrete information present in the linguistic comparative research field, Humboldt backed up his claims by using evidence from non-western languages (Beek 2005, p. 8). One of his studies examined the different amount of words for the animal ‘elephant’, in the English and Sanskrit languages. He found that in comparison to the English word ‘elephant’ which carries only one meaning, there were several words for elephant in the Sanskrit language denoting many meanings. His concluding thoughts on this were that because of the differences in their vocabulary, the English and the Sanskrit would perceive the animal differently.This led Humboldt to further believe that each culture had its own world view, a theory known and adapted by Whorf as ‘Weltanschauung’ (McAfee, 2004, p. 29) Humboldt’s theory ‘Weltanschauung’ was brought to Ame rica by the founder of the American School of Anthropology, Boas. This was due to the fact that Boas shared Humboldt’s view that each culture had a distinct identity and could only be fully understood through the study of its history, society, traditions and of course language (McAfee, 2004, p. 9). Boas, teacher of Sapir (Sapir, teacher of Whorf), was credited by Whorf with his theory that different exotic cultures exemplify different methods of thinking. It was Sapir that introduced Whorf to the claims made by his teacher, Boas. Whorf took this theory and altered it, stating that unlike Boas, he felt that it was linguistic structures rather than conceptual differences that led to different world views of different cultures (McAfee 2004, p. 29).Sapir argues that through his article entitled â€Å"The status of linguistics as a science† it is the language of a society that shapes the world we live in. Sapir blatantly states that human beings are â€Å"at the mercy† of the language they speak. Whorf, learning and drawing from each of his predecessors gave meaning to his hypothesis of linguistic relativity where he believes that it is the different grammars of languages that lead to different types of observations and evaluations of â€Å"externally different facts of observation† (Gumperz & Levinson, 1996, p. 6).Therefor it can clearly be seen that although the linguistic relativity hypothesis has come to being more commonly known as the ‘Whorfian Hypothesis’, it is not only Whorf who should be accredited with the hypothesis, but all minds that lead to the final wordings of Whorf. However, in today’s society and with the advancement of cognitive science, Whorf’s claims cannot stand alone. His view has been dissipated. Now leading the research are Lera Boroditsky, John A. Lucy and Stephen C. Levinson. These linguists are concerned with answering the question â€Å"Does language shape thought? , and relying m ore on evidence than thoughts and theories. This essay will conform to the modern resurgence of the question â€Å"Does language shape thought? † Different languages have different vocabularies. Do people of different languages view the world differently because of their respective vocabularies? More specifically, does the differing vocabulary associated with space and time associated with different languages affect the speaker’s cognitive conceptions of the sequential order of time? Of course, many aspects of time are common to all languages and therefor cultures.For example, yesterday is in the past and tomorrow is in the future. Indeed these concepts are universal across all languages. However, what is not universally accepted by all languages regarding the above statement is the sequential order of yesterday and tomorrow. For native English speakers, tomorrow would be thought to be in front of you, forward. Yesterday would be thought to be behind you, backwards. Th is is due to the use of the English language’s spatial terms representing time. ‘In front’ and ‘behind’ are spatial terms that shape the thoughts of English people’s perception of time.This statement is meaningless without the comparison of another language with different conceptions of special awareness involving time. Mandarin. Mandarin also uses the spatial terms ‘in front’ (‘qian’) and ‘behind’ (‘Beihou’) when talking about time. However, unlike the English language, Mandarin uses vertical spatial morphemes to talk about the order of events, for example, tomorrow, yesterday, next month, last year etc. Boroditsky (2011, p. 1305-1328) Events that are yet to happen i. e. in the future are thought to be ‘up’ (‘shang’) and events in that have already happened i. . past events are thought to be ‘down’ (‘xia’) (Boroditsky et al, 2010, p. 1). Th ere are some minor cases where English speakers do refer to time using vertical spatial terms, e. g. â€Å"Things will be better down the line. † However it has been proven that Mandarin speakers think about time vertically more frequently than English speakers do (Boroditsky et al, 2010, p. 2). An experiment to verify this can be seen through Chan and Bergen’s workings, â€Å"Writing direction in? uences spatial cognition. Where a group of native English and Mandarin speakers were asked to spatially arrange temporal sequences shown to them in pictures, 30% of the time Mandarin speakers arranged the pictures vertically as opposed to the English speakers who didn’t arrange them vertically once. There are in fact many experiments to test the linguistic relativity hypotheses, regarding whether English and Mandarin speakers differ in their thinking and perception of time using spatial metaphors. The leader in this current field of research is the aforementioned Ler a Boroditsky. Boroditsky has carried out many studies on this specific topic. Does Language Shape Thought? : Mandarin and English Speakers’ Conceptions of Time† published in 2001, Boroditsky deliberates the question, ‘Is processing altered in the long term by the use of metaphors†. In 2008, Boroditsky revisited the topic, carrying out further experiments concluding the Mandarin speakers are more inclined to arrange time vertically. The paper was titled â€Å"Do English and Mandarin speakers think differently about time? † Boroditsky’s latest research and publishing’s, entitled â€Å"Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently? has concluding experiments that claim to the affirmative of the relative linguistic hypothesis. Boroditsky’s previous workings did not consider the importance of the pairing of primes and targets. In her most recent studies it shows that disregarding these aspects will lead to further inte rference and instability. There are numerous methods of predicting if English and Mandarin speakers conceive different conceptions of the sequential order of time. Firstly, each race must be tested in their own language. Testing Mandarin speakers through English or vice versa introduces unnecessary variables into the experiment.If Mandarin speakers were to be tested through English it would inevitably test if Mandarin speakers think differently when they speak English. The question of whether they think differently to English speakers would not be properly examined and answered, as they would be thinking habitually but rather how their newly acquired language has influenced them to speak (assuming the legitimacy of the Relative Linguistic Hypothesis. ) The test would separate a group of native English and Mandarin speakers into their native languages. Each participant is given 3 magnets with pictures on them.One magnet depicts a picture of a sitting high up on a tree. The next pictu re sees the boy falling off of the tree. The final picture comprises of the boy on the ground crying. Each participant is then asked in their native language to stick their magnets, in order of events onto a magnetic board secured onto a wall. Presumably, assuming that Mandarin speakers construct time on a vertical axis, their pictures would be placed vertically. With the first picture placed at the bottom of the vertical line and the final picture at the top of the vertical line.In comparison it would be assumed that English speakers would place the pictures horizontally from left to right in starting order. The evidence from this experiment, would suggest that due to the different alignments of the pictures, Mandarin speakers do think differently to English speakers regarding the sequential order of time. With the available evidence from Lera Boroditsky’s 2010 publication, â€Å"Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently? † There proves to be many plausible, evidence based methods for testing the question do English and Mandarin speakers think differently?Boroditsky’s most recent experiments takes 181 people, 118 were native English speakers and 63 were native Mandarin speakers whom also spoke English. The procedure involved projections of Woodey Allen’s face on a screen. There were two pictures, the first was shown on a fixed point on the screen for 2 seconds and the second was then shown in the same position. The second picture stayed there until the participants answered the question. The question posed to them was whether the second picture of Woody Allen was taken at an earlier or later stage in his life than the first.To answer the question the participants had to press a key on a keyboard, one labelled earlier and one labelled later. The position of the keys were arranged into four groups. The first group, tested on 51 native English speakers and 26 Mandarin speakers, had their keyboards lying flat on the table top. The keys were on the horizontal axis, the left key labelled earlier and the right key labelled later in the first group. The left key labelled later and the right key labelled earlier in the second group.For the remainder of participants, 67 native English speakers and 37 Mandarin speakers, their keyboards were positioned vertically to the table top. The keys were respectively arranged in a vertical order. The bottom key labelled earlier and the top key labelled later in the first group. The bottom key labelled later and the top key labelled earlier in the second group. The reasoning behind this experiment was that assuming people habitually represent time on a horizontal or vertical axis, asking them to view the axis in an incongruent order to their automatic reasoning, should cause an interference.The results coincided with this reasoning. As discussed previously, both Mandarin and English speakers use horizontal spatial terms to represent time and both groups showed a canonicality effect on the horizontal axis. However as proven, Mandarin speakers think of time more frequently on the vertical axis than English speakers do. Only Mandarin speakers responded faster when the earlier key was placed on top in the vertical axis on the keyboard. This study clearly suggests that Mandarin speakers do think about the sequential order of time differently to English speakers.Mandarin speakers make explicit use of the vertical axis regarding time more often than English speakers. With reference to the question posed by the linguistic relativity hypothesis, â€Å"Does language shape thought? † the prediction of whether English and Mandarin speakers view the sequence of time differently was affirmed. Through the discussion of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis it became clear that the origins and developments of the hypothesis were needed in order to establish the exact question that was being asked in this essay.The question was then specified to refe r to two different languages, which were as mentioned, Mandarin and English. The thought questioned was that of time. The vocabulary dealt with was ‘space’ and ‘time’ and how they combine to comprise of different thoughts to the speakers of the languages. The conclusion and answer to the central question of this essay was yes, English speakers and Mandarin speakers do think differently. Mandarin speakers are much more likely to think about time on a vertical axis while English speakers think about time on a horizontal plane.The question â€Å"Does language shape thought? † has been a topic that has spanned the centuries and perplexed anthropologists, linguists and psychologists. It seems this question has enlightened people over the centuries too, and the thought of language affecting cognition has been a desired theory. Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne is known to have said â€Å"to have a second language, is to have a second soul. † Reference s Beek, W. 2005. Linguistic Relativism, Variants and Misconceptions. Boroditsky, L. & Fuhrman, O. et al. 2010.Do English and Mandarin Speakers think about time differently? CA: Elsevier B. V. Boroditsky, l. & Chen, E. 2011. How Linguistic and Cultural Forces Shape Conceptions of Time: English and Mandarin Time in 3D. Cognitive Science Society, Inc. Gumperz, J. J. & Levinson, C. S. 1996. Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. New York: Cambridge University Press. McAfee, C. 2004. The Linguistic Relativity Theory and Benjamin Lee Whorf. The McMaster Journal of Communication. Volume 1, Issue 1. Slobin, I. D. 1996. From â€Å"Thought and Language† to â€Å"Thinking for Speaking†. Cambridge University Press.

Free Essays on Infinitude And Emotional Recursion In Modernist Poetry

Oftentimes, authors use their writing as a means to express their ideas and theories on life. It can also be a means for them to define their existence or the world on a greater scale. Through reading many different modernist pieces, I have found an explanation of my own for existence or life. Upon reading these ideas in this paper, they may not seem to be so concrete as to define the ever present â€Å"why† that almost everyone in the world asks. Rather, it is a means to an end. The end may never be so easily defined and will certainly not be the same for every person. In the book Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, readers are introduced to many ideas on life, the world, religion, America and other topics in the poem called Song of Myself. More specifically readers see Whitman’s views of himself as he relates to these topics. Whitman tries to show that he is more that just the sum of his parts or just what may be perceived as his physical person. He is everything the world around him is, and the world around him is everything he is. Section twenty-four of Song of Myself is a good example of this particular idea. Whitman opens this section by writing â€Å"Walt Whitman, a kosmos, of Manhattan the son,† (Whitman 41). This statement of size and being shows that Whitman perceives himself to be a grand conglomeration of many elements just as a cosmos is many galaxies and stars. To be a cosmos would mean to contain everything in the perceivable universe. However, Whitman also states in the same line that he is a son of Manhattan, or a creation of the many elements within this city. Such a being would be made of the entirety of all the people in the city, including all of their emotions and perceptions, and still be part of the more encompassing universe. This idea that Whitman is made of all the world around him yet is still part of a smaller more finite world shows his idea of infinite existence and complementation. To be... Free Essays on Infinitude And Emotional Recursion In Modernist Poetry Free Essays on Infinitude And Emotional Recursion In Modernist Poetry Oftentimes, authors use their writing as a means to express their ideas and theories on life. It can also be a means for them to define their existence or the world on a greater scale. Through reading many different modernist pieces, I have found an explanation of my own for existence or life. Upon reading these ideas in this paper, they may not seem to be so concrete as to define the ever present â€Å"why† that almost everyone in the world asks. Rather, it is a means to an end. The end may never be so easily defined and will certainly not be the same for every person. In the book Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, readers are introduced to many ideas on life, the world, religion, America and other topics in the poem called Song of Myself. More specifically readers see Whitman’s views of himself as he relates to these topics. Whitman tries to show that he is more that just the sum of his parts or just what may be perceived as his physical person. He is everything the world around him is, and the world around him is everything he is. Section twenty-four of Song of Myself is a good example of this particular idea. Whitman opens this section by writing â€Å"Walt Whitman, a kosmos, of Manhattan the son,† (Whitman 41). This statement of size and being shows that Whitman perceives himself to be a grand conglomeration of many elements just as a cosmos is many galaxies and stars. To be a cosmos would mean to contain everything in the perceivable universe. However, Whitman also states in the same line that he is a son of Manhattan, or a creation of the many elements within this city. Such a being would be made of the entirety of all the people in the city, including all of their emotions and perceptions, and still be part of the more encompassing universe. This idea that Whitman is made of all the world around him yet is still part of a smaller more finite world shows his idea of infinite existence and complementation. To be...

8 Suffixes for Collateral Adjectives

8 Suffixes for Collateral Adjectives 8 Suffixes for Collateral Adjectives 8 Suffixes for Collateral Adjectives By Mark Nichol The English language is remarkably adaptable, but one idiosyncrasy of this flexibility in particular creates complications for writers and speakers: collateral adjectives, those not based on and therefore not resembling their associated nouns. English has several forms, including the related suffixes -like and -ly, to signal an adjective’s relationship to a noun, but more elegant solutions often exist. Unfortunately, it’s not easy to conjure these adjectives, because they’re often borrowed from different languages than those from which their equivalent nouns were taken. If you want to explain that someone or something resembles an animal, or you want to describe behavior reminiscent of a certain animal’s, you can say or write, â€Å"He had a foxlike expression† or â€Å"It’s usually considered a womanly quality.† But for just about any animal, if you want to refer to its qualities in comparison or metaphorically, there’s a Latin root and the suffix -ine (more on this post), and the same or similar appendages serve to help you refer to other aspects: â€Å"He had a vulpine expression† or â€Å"It’s usually considered a feminine quality.† Meanwhile, fatherly, motherly, brotherly, and sisterly are all well and good, but paternal, maternal, fraternal, and sororal are all available alternatives. Here are seven suffixes commonly appended to foreign roots to form collateral adjectives, with sample adjectives and their associated nouns: -al Cerebral: brain Corporal (or carnal or physical): body Diurnal: day Dorsal (or lumbar): back Natal: birth -ar Insular: island Lunar: moon Ocular (or optic): eye Specular: mirror Vascular: blood -ary Culinary: cooking Epistolary: letter (correspondence) Maxillary: jaw Tintinnabulary: bell Tutelary: guardian -ial Aerial (or aeronautic): air Commercial: business Filial: child Initial: beginning Tonsorial: hair, barber -ic Acoustic (or sonic): sound Bucolic (or rural or rustic): countryside Civic (or metropolitan or urban): city Forensic: court Numismatic: coin -ile Infantile: baby, immaturity Juvenile (or puerile): child, youth Mobile: movement Tactile (or haptic): touch Virile: man -ine Divine: god, deity Lacustrine: lake Marine (or maritime or pelagic): ocean (or, pertaining only to marine, ship) Masculine: man Vespertine: evening -ous Amorous: love Aqueous: water Ferrous: iron Fulmineous: thunder Vitreous: glass Collateral adjectives are often the preferred choice over adjectives directly derived from a noun (for example, daily from day) only in formal, ironic, or humorously pedantic usage, but they are helpful because superficially synonymic adjectives may have different senses (for example, daily and diurnal have different meanings). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One Spelling15 Great Word GamesCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Patient Autonomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patient Autonomy - Essay Example It is not mere desiring but evaluation and weighing of alternatives by a person and selection based on her priorities. There are many ways we can discuss patient's autonomy. Discussion on medical confidentially usually focus on tension between physician's responsibility to keep patients secret and a physician 's legal and moral duty, on occasion, to reveal such confidences to their parties, such as families, employer, public health authorities, or police authorities. Confidentially serves as dual purpose. Firstly, it acknowledges respect of patient's privacy. Patient's most personal physical and psychological secrets are kept confidential to decrease sense of shame and vulnerability. Secondly, it is important in improving healthcare. Promise of confidentially permits people to trust and thus patient are encouraged to communicate honestly and forth rightly with their doctors, which is most important for their treatment. According to Siegler (597) challenges to confidentially arise because of patient's personal interest in maintaing confidentially come into conflict with his personal interest in receiving best health care. Modern high technology health care is available principally in hospitals which require many trained and socialized workers. And thus in order to provide best health care patient's medical records need to reveal to these workers. Again these treatments are very costly and can be afforded by few patients only. So it becomes essential to grant access to patients medical records to persons who are responsible for obtaining third party payment like chart viewers, financial officers, insurances advisor and quality care assessors. Siegler suggests some possible solutions to confidentiality. Those are: 1. In all nonbureaucratic, noninstitutional counters care should be taken to guaranty safety and confidentiality of patient's records. 2. Access to patient's records should be provided to only "need to know" persons. At some point most of patients should be given opportunity to review their medical records and make choices about which records to make available to everyone. This can be done by dividing entire records in different sections like medical and financial section. So only health professionals have access to medical information. But again keeping all records different leads to complexity in analyzing patient's problems. Thus Author want to tell that principle of medical confidentiality described in medical codes of ethics no longer exists. And by devoting attention to determine aspects of confidentiality worth retaining, public and profession can be better served. Truth- telling Should patients know the truth Is a very difficulty question that confront physician. According to Collins (605) telling the whole truth is often to perpetrate a cruelty of which many are incapable. This is particularly true of physician and if not they soon learns that art of medicine consist largely in skillfully mixing falsehood, and truth in order to provide patient with an amalgam which will make the metal of life wear and keep men from being poor shrunken things, full of melancholy and indisposition, unpleasing to themselves and to those who love them. Based on experiences Collins (609) conclude that the patients do not want to know the truth about their maladies and that it is prejudicial to their well being to know it. No one can